SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED QUALIFICATION THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

National Diploma: Joint and Multi-National Operations 
SAQA QUAL ID QUALIFICATION TITLE
49783  National Diploma: Joint and Multi-National Operations 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Military Professional Development 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK
SAS SETA - Safety and Security SETA  OQSF - Occupational Qualifications Sub-framework 
QUALIFICATION TYPE FIELD SUBFIELD
Advanced Certificate  Field 08 - Law, Military Science and Security  Sovereignty of the State 
ABET BAND MINIMUM CREDITS PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL QUAL CLASS
Undefined  242  Level 6  NQF Level 06  Regular-Unit Stds Based 
REGISTRATION STATUS SAQA DECISION NUMBER REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 
SAQA 9900/00  2018-07-01  2023-06-30 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2028-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This qualification does not replace any other qualification and is not replaced by any other qualification. 

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION 
Purpose

Persons acquiring this qualification will be prepared as officers for senior appointment at the operational level by developing their command, staff and analytical skills, and by broadening their professional understanding of military single-service, joint and multi-national operations, the management of defence and the wider aspects of conflict. This qualification is for senior officers who are being developed so that they may be able to lead and manage the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) successfully into the future. Qualifying learners will be able to:
  • Exercise appropriate judgement in complex military planning at the operational level of war.
  • Organise, plan and conduct joint, combined and multi-national military operations.
  • Lead, manage and command a mission by applying mission analysis, mission command and mission orientated orders/instructions within the legal prescripts.
  • Respond decisively in the application of operational plans to meet the strategic purpose of national security.
  • Critically evaluate and solve qualitative and quantitative problems at the operational level through the application of military appreciation within the legal prescripts.

    The achievement of this qualification will reflect that the individual person is capable of effectively undertaking processes related to joint and multi-national military operations at the operational level of war. The skills, knowledge and understanding within this qualification and its associated unit standards will impact positively on national security, social and economic transformation and upliftment within the South African society. The qualification aims at developing a competent and professional SANDF senior command cadre to ensure the effective delivery of relevant and appropriate military services.

    Rationale

    As part of the transformation process of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) investigations were undertaken into the transformation requirements of education, training and development within the SANDF in order to satisfy its operational needs. The primary need to move from the concept of joint command to unified command was identified. This qualification allows learners to achieve the necessary competencies to conduct joint and multi-national military operations at the operational level of war, thereby enhancing the ability of the SANDF to operate effectively on a joint and multi-national basis and become internationally competitive.

    This qualification provides learners with the competencies specifically within joint and multi-national military operations at the operational level of war to protect and promote the sovereignty of the State, uphold national security and advance the interests of the Republic of South Africa.

    This qualification allows for the further development of learners in the military environment through vertical mobility to higher-level military professional development qualifications and horizontally to qualifications on the same level but in different disciplines. In general, the learner will also have opportunities for professional development and career advancement within the broader military, security, and safety community such as United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), South African Developing Community (SADC) and New Economic Partnership for African Development (NEPAD). 

  • LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
  • Knowledge of the context of the Department of Defence and military activities - L5
  • Communication skills - L4
  • Analysis and research skills - L5
  • Security awareness - L5
  • Social awareness - L4
  • Single Service doctrinal knowledge - L5
  • Problem solving skills - L5
  • Management skills - L5

    Recognition of prior learning

    This qualification may be achieved in part or completely through the recognition of prior learning, which includes formal, informal and non-formal learning and work experience. The learner should be thoroughly briefed on the mechanism to be used and support and guidance should be provided. Care should be taken that the mechanism used provides the learner with an opportunity to demonstrate competence and is not so onerous as to prevent learners from taking up the RPL option towards gaining a qualification. The smallest unit for which RPL may be granted is a Unit Standard.

    Access to the Qualification:

    This qualification is open to all learners who are in possession of a Military Professional Development Tactical Level qualification (Currently under construction). 

  • RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING? 

    QUALIFICATION RULES 
  • All fundamental unit standards are compulsory: 31 credits.
  • All core unit standards are compulsory: 176 credits.
  • At least 35 credits must be completed in the elective component. 

  • EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES 
    Qualifying learners are able to:

    1. Exercise judgement in complex military operational planning.
    2. Organise, plan and conduct joint and multinational operations at the operational level in accordance with relevant military doctrine.
    3. Lead, manage and command an operation by applying mission analysis, mission command and directives within legal and ethical prescripts.
    4. Critically evaluate and solve qualitative and quantitative problems. 

    ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 
    1.
  • Interpersonal and interaction skills are demonstrated through concise and coherent briefings at the operational level.
  • The goals and objectives of the joint and multinational teams are set, monitored and measured through the application of appropriate military management techniques, leadership techniques and the values and standards of the organisation.
  • Accounting procedures are applied in managing and controlling unit or formation budgets in accordance with the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA).
  • The principles of economics are applied to ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness with regards to resource allocations.
  • The effects of global trends on defence and the military are analysed to determine economic implications and impact on military operational deployments.
  • The SANDF doctrine and strategies are applied with a tolerance for cultural diversity, ethical differences, equal opportunity and be in accordance with the South African Constitution and international law.
  • Co-operation during planning sessions is promoted by applying sound negotiation, problem solving and conflict resolution skills.
  • Historical lessons are taken into account when planning campaigns.

    2.
  • Joint operational plans and deployment procedures are formulated at the operational level through application of the planning cycle and interpretation and application of doctrine and policy.
  • The military Strategic Direction process is supported through the utilisation of operational and tactical planning processes and participation in strategic planning processes.
  • Operational planning is conducted in accordance with the campaign planning process.
  • Personnel and resources are organised to ensure maximum efficiency and effectiveness in achieving operational and strategic objectives, through interpreting and application of policies.
  • The theory of operational art is applied in planning and conducting joint and multinational operations at the operational level of war.
  • The strategic purpose and application of risk and crisis management for the maintenance of national security is analysed in order to develop operational plans and objectives.
  • Operational plans are developed in the context of national policy, national security and relevant strategy.

    3.
  • The links between levels of war and command are utilised to ensure effective and efficient command and control.
  • The art of command is demonstrated through exercising mission command and sound military command principles.
  • Responsibilities are delegated to subordinates, reflecting the art of command.
  • Military situational leadership is applied through inspiring and gaining mutual respect of subordinates and junior commanders.
  • Personnel are managed by employing the most appropriate management style within military operations.
  • Time management techniques are applied to achieve operational goals.
  • National and military strategic goals are translated into operational level objectives.
  • The concept of mission analysis and the mechanics of command are applied in making rapid operational decisions, in accordance with legal prescripts, principles of war and the application of force.
  • The role, responsibilities and capabilities of the various organisations, their modus operandi, doctrine and policy issues are considered in the planning and conduct of operations.

    4.
  • The military appreciation process is applied in solving quantitative and qualitative problems in joint and multi-national operations at the operational level of war.
  • The appropriate qualitative and quantitative problem solving techniques are applied in the design, conduct and coordination of research.
  • Military doctrine and strategy are evaluated in accordance with policy on joint and Multi-national operations and deployment procedures.
  • Inductive/deductive reasoning, analytical thinking and conceptualisation are used to solve problems.

    Integrated Assessment

    The applied competence (practical, foundational and reflexive competencies) of this qualification will be achieved if a candidate is able to undertake joint military planning at the operational level of war in accordance with military doctrine, legal prescripts and procedures.

    The importance of integrated assessment is to confirm that the learner is able to demonstrate applied competence (practical, foundational and reflexive) and ensure that the purpose of this qualification is achieved.

    The achievement of applied competence of this qualification will be demonstrated if the learner is able to contribute towards the planning of joint, combined and multi-national operations through advice and support of higher authority and be able to communicate ideas, concepts and arguments verbally and in writing. To ensure this, all specific outcomes, embedded knowledge and critical cross-field outcomes of the unit standards of the qualification must be assessed as well as the exit level outcomes of the qualification.

    Integrated assessment processes could be advanced by the "clustering" of unit standards in order to assess them simultaneously and to avoid duplication of assessment of learning outcomes and fragmented assessments. Even though learners will retain credits for those unit standards successfully completed, the learner must, in order to successfully complete the qualification, demonstrate applied competence through an integrated summative assessment of the exit level outcomes of the qualification.

    During formative and summative assessments, a combination of a variety of assessment methods could be used to provide the learner with sufficient opportunity to demonstrate applied competence. Assessment methods could include amongst others observation (eg during syndicate exercises), product evaluation (eg the appreciation) and questioning (oral and or written). Exit level summative assessments of this qualification should include the assessment of knowledge, skills and values whilst greater weighting should be given to application in the workplace environment in order to integrate theory and practice. Simulated scenarios must be utilised (e g planning of a multi-national operation and war gaming) to enable the learner to demonstrate the ability to integrate the knowledge, concepts and ideas and put into practise the learning outcomes achieved across the unit standards.

    Learners must be assessed on individual work and as part of a team during formative and summative assessments.

    The above-mentioned assessment processes are also capable of being applied to recognition of prior learning. 

  • INTERNATIONAL COMPARABILITY 
    A project team tasked to investigate the ETD transformation requirements for the SANDF visited European and African command and staff colleges to benchmark the international norms concerning command and staff training in general. The specific countries visited were the United Kingdom (UK), France, Spain, Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana and Nigeria. All of these countries present a "Joint" senior command and staff course from their respective single colleges, which serve all Arms of Service (AoS). International comparison was conducted by means of the staff reports compiled by SANDF staff officers during this benchmarking exercise, and interviews with SANDF Directing Staff and International Directing Staff lecturing at the National War College. Extracts of the information available is reflected below:

    Information gained through staff visits

    United Kingdom

    A major war-gaming exercise is held using the JOCASTS (Joint Operational Level Command and Staff Training System) computer simulation package. The exercise usually runs on two cycles per day. Separate from the requirements for the ACSC itself, students have the option of studying for a Master's Degree in Defence Administration (MA), which is presented, by a civilian university (King's College). This work is done in parallel with that of the ACSC and, if successful, the degree is awarded to the student on completion of the ACSC. The opinion of the staff responsible for the MA programme is that although the MA does not drive the ACSC, it enhances it by teaching students to think broadly (ie beyond the military focus). Within the MA each student also has various options regarding subject matter to be studied.

    France

    The College Interarmees de Defence (CID) curriculum lasts for 12 months. Language training is also available at the CID, as an option for foreign students. The course syllabus is designed to give students the necessary operational training and knowledge to enable them to work and make decisions in a joint services atmosphere as well as to prepare them for work in all types of staff and decision making headquarters within the defence sector.

    Single Service Unique Training. A period of 2 months is allocated to specific Service unique training. The remaining 10 months is devoted to joint Service training within joint syndicates. The aim of the Single Service phases is to complement the students' knowledge of their own particular AoS, in order to enable them to represent their respective Service competently in the joint Service environment. Each respective AoS Chief of Staff defines the contents of the single Service syllabi. That said, it is planned that the Single Service phase of the CID will gradually reduce in length, as it is felt that much of the subject matter could be covered elsewhere within a separate single Service environment.

    Ghana

    The new Senior Command and Staff Course programme is a 46-week course conducted annually. The programme is split into 4 terms:
  • Term 1
    > A joint foundation phase of 11 weeks in which students are taught about the role of the military in society, national and international politics, global issues, military theory and doctrine, operational planning processes (mission command, the planning cycle, problem solving and decision making), the roles and combat power of the respective AoS. This term also includes regional tours.
  • Term 2
    > A single Service component phase of 14 weeks in which students are regrouped into their respective AoS and study in depth their own service unique aspects of operating at the tactical and operational level. Emphasis is on campaign planning at the operational level and the appreciation (estimate) process; as such, each AoS Chief Instructor conducts a confirmatory final exercise at the end of this phase. Higher Management aspects in each of the Services are also covered.
  • Terms 3 and 4
    > This is a joint studies phase of 17 weeks and is considered the most important part of the course. Here the culmination of what has been taught in Terms 1 and 2 are put into practice and confirmed with the emphasis on the study of joint, combined multinational and inter-agency operations and defence strategy as a whole. Whilst the focus is at the operational level, both the military and national strategic levels of conflict and command are covered. This phase includes a 2-week block period on defence management, a theatre war-game at the operational level and a 3-week peace support operations package.

    Nigeria

    The aim of the Nigerian Senior Command and Staff Course is to prepare officers of the rank of major and equivalent for command responsibilities and Grade 2 Staff appointments. The course is presented over a period of 11 months, which is divided into five terms. Two terms are joint and the remaining three are, single service. Service unique modules are presented by the respective individual service faculty. The joint warfare, strategic, geo-political and general studies modules are conducted as tri-service packages presented by the Faculty of Joint Studies. Students also undertake study tours within Nigeria and other African countries as a part of the course. The fact that more time is allocated to single service activity than to joint activity, confirms the impression gained by the team that the course is not really joint.

    Information gained through interviews

    Canada

    The Canadian Command and Staff Course is presented at a degree level. The course is part of a module based/credit gaining programme to gain a Degree or Masters in the military environment. Those who only complete the Senior Command and Staff course are awarded with a military certificate. Learners are thus awarded two separate qualifications.

    Ghana

    The Ghana Armed Forces Command and Staff Course (Senior Division) is presented above a first-degree level. The military programme runs concurrently with a post-diploma and a masters degree programme of University of Ghana. The military programme is not equated to a civil qualification. Learners are thus awarded two separate qualifications.

    USA

    The USA Command Course provides an opportunity for access to a masters degree. Learners are, however, awarded two separate qualifications. The Naval Command Course awards a masters degree on graduating from the course.

    United Kingdom

    Separate from the requirements for the Advanced Command and Staff Course (ACSC) itself, students have the option of studying for a Master's Degree in Defence Administration (MA), which is presented by a civilian university (King's College). This work is done in parallel with that of the ACSC and, if successful, the degree is awarded to the student on completion of the ACSC.

    Zimbabwe

    The Zimbabwean Joint Senior Command and Staff Course is presented below a first-degree level, however, it provides credits towards a first degree at the University of Zimbabwe.

    Uganda

    The Ugandan Senior Command and Staff Course had only been in operation since October 2004. No information regarding articulation is available.

    Kenya

    The Kenyan Grade Two Command and Staff Course is presented below the level of a first degree, however, the programme runs in conjunction with a local university and at the end the learners are awarded a Diploma in Military Strategy at the level of a first degree. The concurrent component is compulsory. Candidates must meet university entry requirements before embarking on the university component. Military qualifications are awarded points by the university board prior to embarking on the university component. Learners are thus awarded two separate qualifications.

    India

    The Indian Command and Staff Course is presented in conjunction with a local university. At the end learners are awarded a Masters degree in Defence Strategy. The component provided by the university is, however, not compulsory. Candidates must meet university entry requirements before embarking on the university component. Military qualifications are awarded points by the university board prior to embarking on the university component. Learners are thus awarded two separate qualifications.

    The proposed South African qualification compares favourably with programmes that are being presented by the armed forces of all the countries considered, more so in terms of the fundamental and core unit standards. The content and level is much the same and seems to follow an international trend. None of the countries consider their programmes as being national qualifications neither degree status unless it integrates with a university component. Most countries have now opted to join forces with their universities and in doing so contribute to the development of well-educated military leaders who are well adjusted to civil society. 

  • ARTICULATION OPTIONS 
    This qualification is a first for officers involved in military operations at the operational level of war. It is intended for officers who will be capable of effectively undertaking processes related to joint and multi-national military operations at the operational level of war and will enable the qualifying learner to advance to other military professional development related qualifications. This qualification would also provide the necessary foundation to articulate vertically to military related qualifications at level 7 and other specialisation areas within military management. The following qualifications have been identified as providing direct articulation and portability:
  • National Certificate in Security Studies NQF L7 (Currently under construction).
  • Honours at NQF L7. 

  • MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone moderating the assessment of a learner against this qualification and its associated unit standards must be registered as a moderator with the relevant ETQA.
  • Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the ETQA's policies and guidelines for assessment and moderation; in terms of agreements reached around assessment and moderation between ETQAs (including professional bodies).
  • Moderation must include both internal and external moderation of assessments at exit points of the qualification, unless ETQA policies specify otherwise. Moderation should also encompass achievement of the competence described both in individual unit standards, exit level outcomes as well as the integrated competence described in the qualification. 

  • CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS 
    For an applicant to register as an assessor, the applicant has to:
  • Have assessment competencies and subject matter expertise.
  • Be registered with the relevant Education and Training Quality Assurance Body.
  • Have obtained this qualification or an equivalent international qualification at this level.

    Additional requirements for assessors are included in the respective unit standards. 

  • REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this qualification was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    NOTES 
    As per the SAQA decision to re-register all provider-based qualifications on the National Qualifications Framework that meet the criteria for re-registration, this qualification has been re-registered from 1 July 2018. As per the SAQA decision to re-register all provider-based qualifications on the National Qualifications Framework that meet the criteria for re-registration, this qualification has been re-registered from 1 July 2018. N/A 

    UNIT STANDARDS: 
      ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
    Core  15234  Apply efficient time management to the work of a department/division/section  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  15236  Apply financial analysis  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  15237  Build teams to meet set goals and objectives  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  10622  Conduct communication within a business environment  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  117987  Contextualize concepts of National Security  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  15093  Demonstrate insight into democracy as a form of governance and its implications for a diverse society  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  15233  Harness diversity and build on strengths of a diverse working environment  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  114226  Interpret and manage conflicts within the workplace  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  15230  Monitor team members and measure effectiveness of performance  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  110526  Plan, organise, implement and control record-keeping systems  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  7878  Prepare and Maintain Financial Records and Statements  Level 5  NQF Level 05  12 
    Core  15220  Set, monitor and measure the achievement of goals and objectives for a team, department or division within an organisation  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Core  119918  Apply military joint and multi-national doctrine and policy during campaign planning  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  42 
    Core  119917  Apply the Campaign Planning Process  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  20 
    Core  10301  Complete a research assignment  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  20 
    Core  119919  Manage resources within military operations  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  15 
    Core  119922  Solve joint and multi-national military and civil-military problems by applying qualitative and quantitative problem solving techniques  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  12 
    Fundamental  119920  Analyse the impact of global aspects on Southern African military related affairs  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Fundamental  14505  Apply the principles of ethics and professionalism to a business environment  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Fundamental  119921  Apply the Strategic Direction process for a department, division or team at the corporate level  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Fundamental  119923  Evaluate the impact of the evolution of war on current military affairs  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  10 
    Elective  119211  Apply systems engineering principles in a complex acquisition management process  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Elective  119215  Develop acquisition requirements to meet stakeholders' needs  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Elective  119209  Develop functional specification for complex acquisition programmes  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Elective  119212  Manage complex acquisition contracts  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5 
    Elective  116338  Apply basic business accounting practices  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Elective  116367  Apply basic human resources practices  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Elective  10591  Conduct interpersonal management  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Elective  114868  Demonstrate an understanding of international law in diplomatic context  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Elective  117439  Disseminate information  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  15 
    Elective  12139  Facilitate the resolution of employee grievances  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Elective  10597  Implement operational management principles and techniques  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 
    Elective  114493  Manage interactive communication between public and government  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6 


    LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION: 
     
    NONE 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE 



    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.