SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Perform basic life support and first aid procedures 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
119567  Perform basic life support and first aid procedures 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Ancillary Health Care 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 09 - Health Sciences and Social Services Curative Health 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 1  NQF Level 01  5 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2026-06-30   2029-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard replaces: 
US ID Unit Standard Title Pre-2009 NQF Level NQF Level Credits Replacement Status
9823  Perform basic life support and/or first aid procedures in emergencies  Level 1  NQF Level 01  5   
116509  Apply primary emergency life support  Level 1  NQF Level 01  2   
116511  Carry out basic first aid treatment in the workplace  Level 1  NQF Level 01  1   

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
This unit standard is for persons required to assess the emergency situation and providing basic Life Support and basic First Aid in order to stabilise patients prior to transfer to the emergency services.

People credited with this unit standard are able to:
  • Demonstrate an understanding of emergency scene management
  • Demonstrate an understanding of elementary anatomy and physiology
  • Assess an emergency situation
  • Apply First Aid procedures to the life-threatening situation
  • Treat common injuries 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
  • Communication at ABET level 3
  • Mathematical Literacy at ABET level 3 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
  • The recognition and management of a range of emergencies according to the prescribed protocols.
  • Rendering basic First Aid to the community even if the required resources have to be improvised. 
    		•

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Demonstrate an understanding of emergency scene management. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Maintenance of personal safety is explained in terms of preventing injuries to self and infectious diseases. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Methods of safeguarding the emergency scene are explained in accordance with relevant practices and legislation. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Methods of safeguarding the injured person are explained in accordance with relevant practices and legislation. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The medico-legal implications of rendering First Aid are explained in terms of relevant legislation. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Demonstrate an understanding of elementary anatomy and physiology. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The different systems of the human body are described in terms of their structure and function. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The manner in which the systems relate to each other is explained in accordance with basic medical science. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The way in which each system operates is explained in accordance with basic medical science. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Assess an emergency situation. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The emergency situation is assessed in terms of priority treatments. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The cause of the emergency is identified in terms of main contributing factors. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The type of injury is identified in terms of broad classifications. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Fractures, burns, lacerations, difficulty with breathing, severe haemorrage, head injuries, spinal injuries, level of consciousness, strains and sprains.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The situation is assessed in terms of the type of assistance required. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Apply First Aid procedures to the life-threatening situation. 
    OUTCOME RANGE 
    Cardio-Pulmonary (CP) arrest; cessation of breathing; severe haemorrhage. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    First Aid treatment applied is appropriate to the situation and the prevention of complications. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Equipment that is not readily available is improvised in terms of the First Aid procedure required. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Universal precautions are taken which are appropriate in terms of preventing infection. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    First Aid is applied in accordance with current practice. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Artificial Respiration (AR) is performed in accordance with accepted procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Referral to medical assistance is done in accordance with the specific needs of the casualty. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5 
    Treat common injuries. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Different types of injuries and conditions are identified and described in terms of their severity, cause and possible treatment. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Universal precautions taken are appropriate in terms of preventing infection. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Equipment that is not readily available is improvised in terms of the First Aid procedure required. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Referral to medical assistance is in accordance with the specific needs of the casualty. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Follow-up care is provided in accordance with the specific needs of the casualty. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA the relevant ETQA or with an ETQA that has a memorandum of understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider through the relevant ETQA the relevant ETQA or with an ETQA that has a memorandum of understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA the relevant ETQA or with an ETQA that has a memorandum of understanding with the relevant ETQA, according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    The following embedded knowledge is addressed in an integrated way in the unit standard:

    1. Names & functions of:
  • Anatomy and physiology of the human body
  • Primary and secondary examinations
  • Scope of practice, consent, recording

    2. Attributes, descriptions, characteristics & properties:
  • Confidence attained through repeated practical applications
  • Willingness to assist in emergency situations

    3. Sensory cues:
  • Effective diagnosis and treatment and safety of the accident scene and bystanders

    4. Purpose of:
  • Precautionary measures for blood and body fluids
  • Specific equipment and training aids
  • Specific treatment

    5. Events, causes and effects, implications:
  • Events relating to injury mechanisms
  • Safety requirements relating to the situation
  • Transportation of patients, services available and cost implications

    6. Categories:
  • Adults, children and infants
  • Sick or injured
  • Emergency situations
  • Disaster situations

    7. Procedures and techniques:
  • Evaluation of the patient's condition and severity of injuries e.g. critical, stable, level of
    consciousness etc
  • Basic communication skills

    8. Regulations, legislation, agreements, policies, standards:
  • Standards set according to legislation as per the Occupational Health and Safety Act and other related legislation and policies

    9. Theory, rules, principles, laws:
  • Interdependence of the various systems of the body
  • Specific treatments

    10. Relationships, systems:
  • Family, community, colleagues
  • Emergency and disaster services 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identify and solve problems related to the prevention of complications with regard to injuries and mechanisms of injuries sustained, treatment to be provided, improvisation where equipment is unavailable and referral systems. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as part of a team, including other health workers including casualty and other referral services, emergency services including Fire and Ambulance and disaster services. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage oneself and ones activities responsibly and effectively in a life support context. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect analyse organise and evaluate information about clients, family and community with regard to signs and symptoms and make a correct diagnosis. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively with other health workers including casualty and other referral services, emergency services including Fire and Ambulance and disaster services. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively with regard to information and communication systems and the correct use of available equipment. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems with regard to community and community structures in managing emergency situations. 

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
  • This unit standard replaces unit standard 116509, "Apply primary emergency life support", Level 1, 2 credits.
  • This unit standard replaces unit standard 9823, "Perform basic life support and first aid procedures", Level 1, 5 credits.
  • This unit standard replaces unit standard 116511, " Carry out basic first aid treatment in the workplace", Level 1, 1 credit.

    Supplementary information:
    Specified requirements:
    Legal:
  • Work within the guidelines of the scope of practise of the ancillary health worker

    Site specific:
    By utilising their acquired skills the critical stages of treatment, e.g. 4-6 minutes for AR and CPR, immediate response for haemorrhage and the golden 6 hours for emergency treatment will be fully maximised, thus preventing further complications of emergencies and injuries.

    Credit justification:

    Total hours required by the learner to achieve the required outcomes:
    Activity: Hours
    Classroom learning: 20
    On-the-job learning: 20
    Self directed learning: 5
    Coaching required: 5
    Other: 5
    Total: 50

    Credits achived: 5 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  49606   General Education and Training Certificate: Ancillary Health Care  Level 1  NQF Level 01  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  HW SETA 
    Core  50584   General Education and Training Certificate: Clothing Manufacturing Processes  Level 1  NQF Level 01  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  FPMSETA 
    Core  50225   General Education and Training Certificate: General Forestry  Level 1  NQF Level 01  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  FPMSETA 
    Core  59300   General Education and Training Certificate: Transport  Level 1  NQF Level 01  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  TETA 
    Core  64749   National Certificate: Community Health Work  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  HW SETA 
    Core  58739   National Certificate: Mining Operations for Underground Hard Rock  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MQA 
    Elective  71751   General Education and Training Certificate: Adult Basic Education and Training  Level 1  NQF Level 01  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  As per Learning Programmes recorded against this Qual 
    Elective  73249   General Education and Training Certificate: Adult Basic Education and Training: Academic Curriculum  Level 1  NQF Level 01  Reregistered  2028-06-30  UMALUSI 
    Elective  71950   National Certificate: Automotive Components: Manufacturing and Assembly  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MERSETA 
    Elective  78944   National Certificate: Autotronics  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MERSETA 
    Elective  80786   National Certificate: Home-Care Practices  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  SERVICES 
    Elective  64949   National Certificate: Laboratory Practice  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  As per Learning Programmes recorded against this Qual 
    Elective  58248   National Certificate: Laboratory Practice  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Registered"     		 2008-08-05  MQA 
    Elective  79686   National Certificate: Metal and Engineering Manufacturing Processes  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MERSETA 
    Elective  64189   National Certificate: Metals Production  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  As per Learning Programmes recorded against this Qual 
    Elective  74269   National Certificate: Occupational Health, Safety and Environment  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-07-30  As per Learning Programmes recorded against this Qual 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. 4 Front Safety and Security Consultants cc 
    2. 911 Consulting and Services 
    3. A Z COMMUNITY SERVICES 
    4. A.I.R Training, Consulting & Services 
    5. AAH Skills and Development 
    6. ACT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 
    7. Adans General Standard (Pty) Ltd 
    8. ADCORP TECHNICAL TRAINING (PTY) LTD 
    9. AETA Training Solutions 
    10. Africa Training Centre 
    11. African Apex Apparel (Pty) Ltd 
    12. AFRICAN MULTISKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING 
    13. Akane Training Academy 
    14. Akhule Development Institute CC 
    15. ALABASTER TRAINING CENTRE PTY LTD 
    16. ALLOYS HEAD OFFICE 
    17. Altitude Skills Development (Pty) Ltd 
    18. AM Compliance Services (Pty) Ltd 
    19. Amandlolwazi Training Centre Pty Ltd 
    20. Andebe Training and Skills Development 
    21. Andzanie Trading Enterprise (Pty) Ltd 
    22. Anglo American Platinum Amendelbult Concentrators 
    23. ASSMANG (PTY) LTD 
    24. AVENG (AFRICA) (PTY) LTD 
    25. BAFOKENG RASIMONE MANAGEMENT SERVICES PTY LTD 
    26. BANA BA THARI MINING TRANING AND DEVELOPMENT ACADEMY 
    27. BARBERTON MINES (PTY) LTD 
    28. Bee-Safe Programme Development and Training (Pty) Ltd 
    29. Best Hope Academy & Consultancy 
    30. BJS FORKLIFTS TRAINING 
    31. Blanket Security and SHEQ Solutions 
    32. Blue Crane Skills Development 
    33. BMD TEXTILES PTY LTD 
    34. BOKONI PLATINUM MINES (PTY) LTD 
    35. CAPE TOWN WORKBASED LEARNING ACADEMY 
    36. Centre for Logistics Excellence (Pty) Ltd 
    37. ChamCham Corporation (PTY) Ltd 
    38. CHAMDOR DRIVER TRAINING CC 
    39. COALITION TRADING 1238 CC 
    40. Continuous Development Training 
    41. COREPRO CONSULTANTS 
    42. Cre8tion Projects 6 PTY LTD 
    43. Cumlaude Institute (PTY) Ltd 
    44. Dantran Training 
    45. Denothech Training Institute (PTY) LTD 
    46. Devolden Group 
    47. Ditelo Training Solutions of South Africa CC 
    48. Diversity technology Training Institute 
    49. Dlamini The Siba PTY LTD 
    50. DMG Global Training Solutions (Pty) Ltd 
    51. Drive for Africa Training and Evaluation 
    52. Durban Driver Training Centre Pty Ltd 
    53. DWARSRIVIER CHROME MINE (PTY) LTD 
    54. EASTERN CHROME MINES 
    55. Edutech Training (Pty) Ltd 
    56. Elizma Goltz 
    57. EMCARE (PTY) LTD 
    58. EPSA 
    59. Esayidi FET College - Central Office 
    60. ESS Holdings (PTY) Ltd 
    61. FBT Consultants CC 
    62. FINSCH DIAMOND MINE(PTY) LTD 
    63. FOSKOR (PTY) LTD 
    64. FUTURE DISCOVERY TRAINING ACADEMY 
    65. GEOSTRAT TRAINING 
    66. GLICAM TRADING ENTERPRISE 
    67. Global Learning Services 
    68. GNBR SOLUTIONS PTY LTD 
    69. Green Light Training and Projects 
    70. H and H Risk Solutions 
    71. HARMONY GOLD MINING CO LTD 
    72. Hazchemwize (PTY) Ltd 
    73. He and She Driver Training Centre 
    74. Hlanganisa Safety Solutions (Pty) Ltd 
    75. HLUVUKA TRAINING AND CONSULTING 
    76. Hope Medical and Rescue Services 
    77. Humrec Human Resource Training 
    78. Ikusasa Lethu Projects and Training (Pty) Ltd 
    79. IMPALA PLATINUM SERVICES LTD 
    80. Industrial Fire and Emergency Services cc 
    81. Intellect Management & Training consultancy 
    82. Isolezwe Skills Development Provider and Driver Training Solution 
    83. Juan-Tech Training Centre 
    84. Julifa Trading Enterprise cc 
    85. KBC Health and Safety 
    86. KDS Centre for Skills Development and Training Pty Ltd 
    87. Kelmik Training Centre (Pty) Ltd 
    88. Khulani HR Consultancy (Pty) Ltd 
    89. KLM Empowered Human Solutions Pty Ltd 
    90. Kwetsima (Pty) Ltd. 
    91. KZN Business Solutions And HR Management cc 
    92. Leboa Investments 28 
    93. Lefa Skills Academy 
    94. Little Treehouse Holdings (PTY) Ltd 
    95. M AND C ACADEMY AND CONSULTANCY PTY LTD 
    96. MadibengGeneral Suppliers 
    97. MALITINNE PTY LTD 
    98. MARULA PLATINUM PTY LTD 
    99. Masakhane Further Education and Training 
    100. Masifundeni Training (PTY) LTD 
    101. MCLS Training 
    102. Mectom Skills Development and Training 
    103. MEDIRO TRAINING ACADEMY (PTY) LTD 
    104. METSKILL PTY LTD 
    105. MINES RESCUE SERVICES PTY LTD 
    106. Mitana Training Consultants Pty Ltd 
    107. Modiehi Consulting & Projects (Pty) Ltd 
    108. Mphatlalatsane Learning Resources 
    109. MUKWEVHO TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 
    110. Ncameni Kasizane Skills Development PTY LTD 
    111. Nelko Training MP (Pty) Ltd 
    112. New Company FAT 
    113. NORTHAM PLATINUM LTD 
    114. Nowethu Learning Institute cc 
    115. OHS Legislative Training CC 
    116. OHS TRAINING AFRICA 
    117. OHSTEC 
    118. Orion Industrial Training Services (Pty) Ltd 
    119. P and R Development and Training (Pty) Ltd 
    120. Phephani Learnerships cc 
    121. Phiwokuhle Projects and Training Academy Pty Ltd 
    122. PINUS TECH TECHNOLOGIES TRADING AND PROJECTS 
    123. Premier Agric (Pty) Ltd 
    124. Premier Conferencing cc 
    125. PRISMA TRAINING SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD 
    126. PRO Skills Development (Pty) Ltd 
    127. PROXIMAL TRADING AND TRAINING SOLUTION SA (PTY) LT 
    128. R Tech Training (Pty) Ltd 
    129. RCH Investments (Pty) Ltd 
    130. REALITY LEARNING SA 
    131. Relay EMS (PTY) LTD 
    132. Renaissance Skills Training 
    133. Renntek Pty Ltd 
    134. RPM Precious Metals Refiners 
    135. Rustenburg Base Metals Refiners 
    136. SAMANCOR CHROME LTD 
    137. Sanda Skills Development (Pty) Ltd 
    138. SASOL SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD - SECUNDA 
    139. School of Safety Training Solutions (Pty) Ltd 
    140. SENZEKO EXECUTIVE RISK CC 
    141. SIBANYE GOLD ACADEMY PROPRIETARY LIMITED 
    142. SIBANYE RUSTENBURG PLATINUM MINES PTY LTD 
    143. SINOVUYOLETHU TRADING PTY LTD 
    144. SIT Investment Holdings (pty) Ltd 
    145. SIYANDA BAKGATLA PLATINUM MINE 
    146. South African Fire and Medical Academy (SAFMA) 
    147. South African Forestry Training College 
    148. South African Transport Centre of Excellence 
    149. SPLS CONSULTANTS PTY LTD 
    150. SS Training Academy Pty Ltd 
    151. SSG TRAINING ACADEMY PTY LTD 
    152. Staffing Logistics 
    153. Strategic Dangerous Solutions Pty Ltd 
    154. Striving Mind Academy and Consultancy Pty Ltd 
    155. Surgophase (Pty) Ltd 
    156. SVA Training 
    157. SX Training Hub Pty Ltd 
    158. Tagane Trading and Training Services Pty Ltd. 
    159. TAU LEKOA GOLD MINING COMPANY (PTY) LTD 
    160. TEACHERBUBBLES 
    161. Tebkhan Investments (Pty) Ltd 
    162. TEST 3_18 March 2019 
    163. The Assessment Zone (Pty) Ltd 
    164. The Brokers Learning Centre 
    165. The National Occupational Safety and Health Consultancy NOSHC 
    166. The Skills Authority 
    167. Thwala Training Services (Pty) Ltd 
    168. TIRHANI SKILLSTRAINING PTY LTD 
    169. TRAIN THE NATION AND ASSOCIATES (PTY) LTD 
    170. Training Consultant and SD College 
    171. Training Force 
    172. True-Blue Training (Pty) Ltd 
    173. Tshwane First Aid & Safety Training (Pty) Ltd 
    174. TWO RIVERS PLATINUM (PTY) LTD 
    175. U AND G TRAINING (PTY) LTD 
    176. Ubuntu Asssessors Solutions 
    177. Umbono Training 
    178. UMBUSO TRAINING SERVICES 
    179. Uthingo Training Centre 
    180. Various Aligned Safety And Training 
    181. VELA VEZI 
    182. VENETIA MINE 
    183. Vhonisani Training Academy & Projects 
    184. VINE APPAREL (PTY)LTD 
    185. Vulindlela Training Centre 
    186. WASINDISA GROUP PTY LTD 
    187. WETTON EMERGENCY AND TRAINING SERVICES 
    188. WHSE Training College (Pty) Ltd 
    189. Wild Boar Fire cc 
    190. XTRACT TRAINING SERVICES (SA)(PTY)LTD 
    191. Yangantle Trading 
    192. YouLearnIT Academy 
    193. Zikholwe Training and Development (pty) Ltd 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.