SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD: 

Explain the principles of computer networks 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
14913  Explain the principles of computer networks 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Information Systems and Technology 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 10 - Physical, Mathematical, Computer and Life Sciences Information Technology and Computer Sciences 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular-Fundamental  Level 3  NQF Level 03  5 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Reregistered  2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
This unit standard is intended:
  • to provide fundamental knowledge of the areas covered
  • for those working in, or entering the workplace in the area of Data Communication & Networking
  • as additional knowledge for those wanting to understand the areas covered

    People credited with this unit standard are able to:
  • Describe data communication.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of main features of LAN`s
  • Demonstrate knowledge of main features of WAN`s.
    The performance of all elements is to a standard that allows for further learning in this area. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Open.
    The credit value of this unit is based on a person having prior knowledge and skills to:
  • Demonstrate an understanding of fundamental mathematics (at least NQF level 3).
  • Demonstrate PC competency skills (End-User Computing unit Standards, at least up to NQF level 3.)
  • Demonstrate competence to resolve technical computer problems (SGB-ID=DC301/ 302).
  • Demonstrate an understanding of local and wide area networks, and their installation. 
    		•

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Describe data communication. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. The description explains the roles of key elements in data communication. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Computer, Sender, Receiver, Transmission media.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The description differentiates between LAN's and WAN's. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Speed, Control, Access, Media, Cost, Distance.
     

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Demonstrate knowledge of main features of LANs. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. The demonstration identifies the uses of LAN's with respect to current practice. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Local sharing of data, programs, peripherals and communications.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The demonstration identifies the main types of LAN media. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Twisted pair, Coaxial, Optic fiber, Wireless.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. The demonstration describes the main LAN configurations. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Star, Bus, Ring.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The demonstration describes LAN bandwidth. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Baseband, Broadband.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. The demonstration describes LAN protocols. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Ethernet, Token ring, TCP/IP.
     

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Demonstrate knowledge of main features of WANs. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. The demonstration explains the uses of WAN's with respect to current practice. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Remote sharing of data, programs, peripherals and communications.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The demonstration explains the uses, hardware requirements and advantages of WAN's. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Voice, Data, Packet switched, ISDN.
     


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
    The relevant Education and Training Quality Authority (ETQA) must accredit providers before they can offer programs of education and training assessed against unit standards.
    Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures. 

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    1. Performance of all elements is to be carried out in accordance with organisation standards and procedures, unless otherwise stated. Organisation standards and procedures may cover: quality assurance, documentation, security, communication, health and safety, and personal behavior. An example of the standards expected is the standards found in ISO 9000 Certified Organisations.
    2. Performance of all elements complies with the laws of South Africa, especially with regard to copyright, privacy, health and safety, and consumer rights.
    3. All activities must comply with any policies, procedures and requirements of the organisations involved, the ethical codes of relevant professional bodies and any relevant legislative and/ or regulatory requirements.
    4. Performance of all elements should be performed with a solid understanding of the use of development tools needed in the areas applicable to the unit standard. Examples of such tools are, but is not limited to CASE tools, programming language editors with syntax checking, program source version control systems systems. 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as a member of an organisation. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage him/her self and his/her activities responsibly and effectively. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organise, and critically evaluate information. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically, showing responsibility towards the environment and health of others. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem solving contexts do not exists in isolation. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO CONTRIBUTING 
    Contribute to his/her full personal development and the social and economic development of the society at large by being aware of the importance of: reflecting on and exploring a variety of strategies to learn more effectively, exploring education and career opportunities and developing entrepreneurial opportunities. 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    Supplementary information:
    1. "LAN" refers to a single network of personal computers within the same area,such as an office or building.
    2. "Industry Recommended Procedure" refers to a procedure used and recommendedby an organisation involved in the computer industry.

    Sub-Sub-Field (Domain):
    Data Communications and Networking 

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  67609   National Certificate: Mechatronics  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Reregistered  2023-06-30  MERSETA 
    Core  24294   Further Education and Training Certificate: Information Technology: Systems Development  Level 4  NQF Level 04  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2010-01-23  Was MICTS until Last Date for Achievement 
    Core  78965   Further Education and Training Certificate: Information Technology: Systems Development  Level 4  NQF Level 04  Reregistered  2023-06-30  MICTS 
    Core  78964   Further Education and Training Certificate: Information Technology: Technical Support  Level 4  NQF Level 04  Reregistered  2023-06-30  MICTS 
    Core  24293   National Certificate: Information Technology: Technical Support  Level 4  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L4  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2010-01-23  Was MICTS until Last Date for Achievement 
    Elective  20184   National Certificate: Banking  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Reregistered  2023-06-30  BANKSETA 
    Elective  61591   National Certificate: Information Technology: End User Computing  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Reregistered  2023-06-30  As per Learning Programmes recorded against this Qual 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. A4 Consultancy Pty Ltd 
    2. Academy at Vaal Triangle (AVT 
    3. Academy of Training and Allied Services Pty Ltd 
    4. Academy Training Group 
    5. Acorser Corporate & Business Consulting t/a Acorser Academy 
    6. Act of Grace 97 
    7. Action for Blind and Disabled 
    8. Action4 
    9. Added Advantage Academy 
    10. Addskills Computer Training 
    11. Advanced Assessments and Train 
    12. Affirmations Training 
    13. Afrika Tikkun 
    14. All Nation Group Five Trading and Projects 
    15. Amadi Institute of Management And Technology (Pty) Ltd 
    16. Amilak Training Center 
    17. Angie Technologies 
    18. Answer The Call Skills ands En 
    19. APEXEA 
    20. ASMO INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AN 
    21. Aspirations Communication Training CC 
    22. Assured Vocational Skill Institute 
    23. ATTI (Advanced Technonogy Training Institute) 
    24. ATTI IT SOLUTIONS (Bloemfontei 
    25. ATTI Kimberley 
    26. ATTI Nelspruit Pty Ltd 
    27. Atvance Institute (Pty) Ltd 
    28. Aviwe Business Development and 
    29. Awona Technologies cc 
    30. AWRISE 
    31. Bacom Computers 
    32. Balefile Trading and Services 
    33. Basadipele Skills Development and Training 
    34. baseni 
    35. Bavelile Consultants and Training Pty Ltd 
    36. BEC Training Consultants (PTY) Ltd 
    37. BEE Clinic Pty Ltd 
    38. Bells Technical College 
    39. Birnam Business College (Pty) 
    40. Blue Ora Pty Ltd 
    41. Bokamoso Skills and Economic Development Centre 
    42. Bophelo Tota ICT Driving Academy (Pty) Ltd 
    43. Bosasa Youth Development Centres (PTY) LTD 
    44. Brainwave Projects 1430 cc 
    45. BTC Campus (Pty) Ltd 
    46. Business Optimization Training Institute (Pty) Ltd 
    47. BYTES PEOPLE SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD 
    48. Cape Innovation Technology Initiative 
    49. Cape Town Society for the Blind 
    50. Careers IT 
    51. CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE & PROFESSIONAL TRAINING 
    52. CHILI PEPPER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS 
    53. City College 
    54. Claas Illustration 
    55. Clean Heat Academy 
    56. College Africa Group (Pty) Ltd 
    57. COLUMBUS TECHNOLOGIES PTY LTD 
    58. Comfortable Tech 
    59. Common Vision Young Specialist Trading cc 
    60. CompEd IT Training 
    61. Compus training institution 
    62. Compuscan Academy 
    63. COMPUSTEPS COLLEGE (PTY) LTD 
    64. Computer and Careers 
    65. Creative Minds Rustenburg 
    66. CSL Accountants 
    67. CTU Training Solutions 
    68. CW Trainers 
    69. CYBAX SYSTEMS 
    70. CYBER-CITY IT SOLUTIONS 
    71. Cyber.Com Career Academy 
    72. DAB Health Care Centre 
    73. DC Academy (PTY)LTD 
    74. DC Dynamic College of Commerce 
    75. Decade Pulse (Pty) Ltd 
    76. Dee's Training (Pty) Ltd 
    77. Delight Computer Training 
    78. Dibana Business Consultants 
    79. Ditlotlo Trading Enterprise 
    80. DVG Media Training 
    81. DYNAMIC DNA (PTY) LTD 
    82. Dynamic Dyvention Trading and 
    83. Eagle Computer Training 
    84. Eagle High IT Training 
    85. EAST LONDON MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE 
    86. Eastern Cape Academy of Technology 
    87. ED-U Options Academy 
    88. Edging Forward Training and Co 
    89. EHLANZENI TVET COLLEGE 
    90. Ekasi IT Solutions Centre 
    91. Ekurhuleni Artisans and Skills Training Centre Pty Ltd 
    92. Elangeni Training Institute 
    93. Elchees Software Solutions 
    94. Emalahleni Institute of Techno 
    95. Embroser Solutions Pty Ltd 
    96. Enter on Stilts 
    97. Epitome Villa (Pty)Ltd 
    98. Eshybrand Pty Ltd 
    99. EYETHU NATIONAL COMPUTER COLLEGE PTY LTD 
    100. Falcon Business Institute (Pty) Ltd 
    101. Finweb Business Consultancy 
    102. Forek Institute of Technology (Pty) Ltd 
    103. Foster-Melliar (Pty) Ltd 
    104. Four Stars Communication 
    105. Fourways Private College 
    106. FSM Source of Success Youth Development 
    107. Fullimput108 (Pty) Ltd 
    108. Futurekids SA (Fochville) 
    109. GCABS 
    110. Genii Institute PTY LTD 
    111. Gert Sibande FET College 
    112. Gigimo Tourism Academy 
    113. Gijima Holdings (Pty) Ltd 
    114. Global Institute for Capacity 
    115. Godisang Development 
    116. Goldfields TVET College 
    117. Growth Management Consulting cc 
    118. Guest Resource Services 
    119. Gurandbuilt Management Development 
    120. HAVOHEJ CONSULTANCY 
    121. Hazyview Computer College 
    122. HCLS HUMAN CAPITAL LEARNING SOLUTIONS 
    123. Hectic Productions cc 
    124. HILLCROSS BUSINESS SCHOOL (PTY 
    125. Hlanganani ICT (Pty) Ltd 
    126. Home of Compassion/Grace Ministries 
    127. HUAWEI Technologies Africa (PTY) LTD 
    128. iCollege College 
    129. IKHWEZI TRAINING INSTITUTE PTY 
    130. Ikusasa Technology Solutions 
    131. Ikusasalethu Youth Development 
    132. iLearn Corporate Services PTY LTD 
    133. ILUBALETHU PROJECTS 
    134. Imbizo Training and Development Consultants Cc 
    135. Impact Sourcing Academy - NPO 
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    137. Ingomsotech Solutions and Trai 
    138. Inqolobane Computer Services 
    139. INSIGHTTECH COMMUNICATIONS Pty 
    140. Institute of Training and Education for Capacity Building 
    141. Institutional Higher Education 
    142. intelliscient Technologies (Pty) Ltd 
    143. ISAMON VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OF EXCELLENCE 
    144. Isivande Projects 
    145. ISOLVE BUSINESS SOLUTIONS PTY LTD 
    146. IT Academy 
    147. IT Labs Consulting 
    148. IT-HI-Q Training (PTY) Ltd 
    149. Ithemba IT Solution 
    150. Iyam Training Services 
    151. Jeppe College of Commerce and 
    152. Jonda Learning Academy 
    153. K Boneng Consulting Services P 
    154. K Centre Business Enterprise (PTY) LTD 
    155. Keep The Dream 285 
    156. KEYBASE PRETORIA 
    157. Keybase Training Solutions Cc 
    158. Kgolo Institute 
    159. King Sabata Dalindyebo TVET College 
    160. Kingswood Academy 
    161. Kishugu Training (Pty) Ltd 
    162. KN Training Specialist 
    163. KT Mobile Services 
    164. Kundani Trading 
    165. KVR Training and Business Solutions 
    166. L and P Computer Academy Pty Ltd 
    167. Labournet Learning and Development Solutions 
    168. Learnfast Training Solutions ( 
    169. Leseding Computer Systems 
    170. LETAGO DEVELOPMENT CONSULTING 
    171. LIMPOPO COMPUTER COLLEGE BK 
    172. LINDAMAHLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (PTY) LTD 
    173. LINKINGNOTES 
    174. Loja Trading cc 
    175. Loomee Group 
    176. LUPHINDI BUSINESS SOLUTIONS 
    177. LYFE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES (PTY) LTD 
    178. Mackeys Computing (Pty) Ltd 
    179. Makhophila Training 
    180. Malope IT Solutions 
    181. Mamelodi Digital Centre cc 
    182. MANAGED OUTSOURCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS PTY LTD 
    183. Marilyn Chili Consulting 
    184. Masakhane Training and Consult 
    185. Masana Brainstorm Conferencing cc 
    186. Mash Computer Training 
    187. MASITHUTHUKE HOLDINGS (PTY) LTD 
    188. MBOWA COLLEGE PTY LTD 
    189. Metanoia Ratings PTY LTD 
    190. Mikyle Consulting 
    191. Mmanape Private Technical Coll 
    192. MMELA VILLAGE TECHNOLOGIES (PT 
    193. MND Training and Projects 
    194. Mogapi Education Group 
    195. MOKALENG IT 
    196. Moripe Business Training and C 
    197. MORTERBOARD TRAINING SOLUTIONS 
    198. Mothusi Management Consultants 
    199. Motlhamme Executive Management 
    200. Moving Ahead Development Agenc 
    201. MP Avuxeni Computer Academy 
    202. Mpande Technologies cc 
    203. Mpisholo Training Solutions 
    204. Mthonyama Technologies cc 
    205. Mufuka Business and Technical 
    206. Multi Tech College 
    207. Musengavhadzimu Media 
    208. Nape Angwato Trading 
    209. Natfin Holdings Pty Ltd 
    210. NBC Technologies 
    211. NCC - Vereeniging 
    212. NCM Computer and Business Academy 
    213. Ndulita Solutions 
    214. Nedbank Ltd 
    215. Netcampus (Pty) Ltd. 
    216. New Era Computer Training Centre (Hidobyte CC) 
    217. New Link Computer Skills 
    218. New Trend Computers cc 
    219. Nkangala Skills Centre 
    220. Nolwazi Stem Education for The 
    221. Nomasojabula Computer Project 
    222. Northern Computer Training Centre 
    223. Ntamunde Investment 
    224. Ntandokazi Holdings Pty Ltd 
    225. NW Avuxeni Computer Academy 
    226. Nyankwavi Inverstment 
    227. Nyathela Business College 
    228. Nyelati Trading Enterprise 
    229. Olrich Home of Technology 
    230. On the Ball College Pty ltd 
    231. OPELONG BUSINESS INSTITUTE (PT 
    232. Overcomers Training College (P 
    233. Paramixed Pty Ltd 
    234. Parkton College of Catering & Tourism Studies 
    235. Peo Entle HIV Wellness Management and Youth Skills Development NPO 
    236. Peritum Agri Insitute (PTY) LTD 
    237. Petcon Capacity Building Solut 
    238. Pioneer Business Consulting 
    239. PLATINUM PEAK CONSULTING (PTY) LTD 
    240. Polokwane Technology Institute (Pty) Ltd 
    241. Pretoria Technical College 
    242. Priha Projects Pty Ltd 
    243. Progressive School of Business 
    244. Prophesy Training College (Pty) Ltd 
    245. PROSERV SA (PTY) LTD 
    246. PRX SCHOOL TEST 
    247. QUALITATIVE INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS 
    248. QUARPHIX (PTY) LTD 
    249. RAKGAKALA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATI 
    250. Ramotec Business College 
    251. Rand Training College 
    252. Rasinkhu Investment (Pty) Ltd 
    253. Reaithuta Computer Academy 
    254. Redefine Human Capital (PTY) L 
    255. Resisa Logistics cc 
    256. Revival Technologies and Academy 
    257. Richfield Graduate Institute of Technology Pty Ltd 
    258. Rofane Consulting 
    259. Rostec Technical FET College (Pty) Ltd 
    260. S MAB ACADEMY 
    261. SA College of Technology (PTY) 
    262. Sabile Human Resources Consult 
    263. Saiker Training (Pty) Ltd 
    264. SANDM IT TRAINING (PTY) LTD 
    265. SED Computer Academy 
    266. Sesk Facilitation Development (PTY) LTD 
    267. Setlagole Telecentre 
    268. Silulo Ulutho Technologies 
    269. Sisekelo Sustainability Institute 
    270. Sivile Housing Association RSA 
    271. Siyabonga Multi - Purpose Centre 
    272. Siyafunda CTC 
    273. Skills Unlimited 
    274. Sokwanya Trading (Pty) Ltd 
    275. South Africa Advanced Skills Institute(SAAI) 
    276. SOUTH AFRICAN CORPORATE TRAINI 
    277. Sovereign Skills Development Institute (Pty) 
    278. Spears Business and Life Couch Consulting (Pty) Ltd 
    279. Spina Consultancy 
    280. SPLS Consultants (Pty) Ltd 
    281. Springs Comtech College 
    282. Step Ahead Computer Training Centre 
    283. SUCCESS BUILDERS INTERNATIONAL CC 
    284. Success Christian Training Cen 
    285. Succinct Investments (Pty) Ltd 
    286. Sunalaw Empowerment Projects 
    287. Supreme ICT Consultants 
    288. Synergistic Covenant Network NPO 
    289. Synergy Transformation Solutio 
    290. T Mabuya and Associates 
    291. Taal-Net Training Institute 
    292. TAG 443 
    293. Talent Development 
    294. Tau Ya Mariri Consulting 
    295. TBL Empowerment Hub 
    296. Tech-Com Solutions cc 
    297. Techtisa (pty) Ltd 
    298. Terrawood 
    299. Terry Computer Services cc 
    300. Thalita Koume Directions (Pty) Ltd 
    301. The Finishing College (Pty) Lt 
    302. THE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT CORPORA 
    303. Think Tank T2 (Pty) Ltd 
    304. Tinotel Communications 
    305. TIPP ACADEMY (PTY) LTD 
    306. TIRA TELECOMS 
    307. Titan Trade Technologies 
    308. Tlou Foundation College 
    309. TORQUE TECHNICAL COMPUTER TRAINING PTY LTD 
    310. TRAINING BUSINESS 2 BUSINESS 
    311. Tshiredo Training Academy 
    312. Tshwane College of Commerce an 
    313. Tsima Consulting Development S 
    314. TSP COLLEGE 
    315. TURFLOOP TRAINING SERVICES CC 
    316. Two Aces Learnerships 
    317. Ubuhlanti Sances Trading (Pty) Ltd 
    318. Ukwazi Academy and Corporate S 
    319. Umbrella Training and Development 
    320. Umbusi Consulting Services 
    321. Urban Journey 
    322. UTHINGO BRITE SERVICES 
    323. Varsity Institute of Science & Technology (Pty)Ltd 
    324. Vastratech Pty) Ltd 
    325. Visionary Skill Academy 
    326. Vodacom (Pty) Ltd 
    327. VSS College (Pty) LTD 
    328. VUTHLARI MARKETING CONSULTING 
    329. Waterberg TVET College 
    330. Wavelengths Technology Training Institute 
    331. Wellinkwise Pty Ltd 
    332. Whitestone College 
    333. WORK SKILLS RESOURCES CC 
    334. Working Solution International 
    335. Xylo Trading 12 (Pty) Ltd 
    336. YAB Business Solutions (Pty)Ltd 
    337. YITRO INNOVATIONS 
    338. Yonet Training Academy 
    339. Youth Media Movement 
    340. ZA WIT (PTY) LTD 
    341. Zealot Business College 
    342. Zikode Development Trust 
    343. ZIPHELELE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AC 
    344. ZJ Africa Learn 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.