SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Demonstrate elementary knowledge and understanding of precautions required to achieve excavation stability in remnants 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
115668  Demonstrate elementary knowledge and understanding of precautions required to achieve excavation stability in remnants 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Mining and Minerals 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Fabrication and Extraction 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 3  NQF Level 03  3 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Registered" 		 2005-08-11  2008-08-11  SAQA 0655/04 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2009-08-11   2012-08-11  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
This unit standard will be useful to people who are pursuing a career in rock engineering and who are responsible for ensuring excavation stability in a remnant.

People credited with this unit standard are able to:
  • Demonstrate elementary knowledge and understanding of the legal requirements and implications in remnant environments.
  • Demonstrate knowledge of remnant environments.
  • Demonstrate understanding of additional precautions required in remnants.
  • Demonstrate understanding of the need for the recording, implementation and monitoring of specified remnant precautions. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    The credit calculation is based on the assumption that learners are already competent in terms of the following outcomes or areas of learning when starting to learn towards this unit standard:
  • National Certificate in Strata Control (Level 2)
  • The appropriate unit standard on achieving mining excavation stability with support (Level 2) 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    Specific range statements are provided in the body of the unit standard where they apply to particular specific outcomes or assessment criteria. 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Demonstrate knowledge, understanding of legal requirements and implications in remnant environments. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Demonstrate elementary knowledge and understanding of the legal requirements and implications in remnant environments. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    An elementary explanation of the term "remnant" is provided. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The legal requirement to identify working places where workers are at higher risk to experience injuries is explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    An elementary description of the risk analysis methodology and additional measures called for in various mine specific documents or systems is provided. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Codes of practice
  • Mine Standards
  • Special Area precautions
  • Remnant precautions
  • Monthly planning meetings
  • Panel risk ratings
     
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The legal consequences for the individual, of not adhering to the set precautions are explained in elementary terms. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Demonstrate knowledge of remnant environments. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Causes of the creation of remnants are listed and explained in elementary terms. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Seismic activity
  • Falls of ground
  • Loss of access
  • Poor mining sequence control
  • Grade distribution
  • Geological structures
     
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    An elementary description of the stress environment around remnants is provided. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Stress levels
  • Seismic activity levels
     
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    An elementary description of physical mining conditions in a remnant is provided. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Geological disturbances
  • Stress fracturing
  • Closure rate
  • Rockwall conditions
  • Scaling
  • Spalling
     
    		•

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Demonstrate understanding of additional precautions required in remnants. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Possible remnant precautions are listed. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Support installation
  • Access control
  • Panel length
  • Stoping width
  • Advance per blast
  • Advance per month
  • Mining sequence
  • Bracket pillars on geological structures
  • Partial extraction
     
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    An explanation of additional support precautions is provided. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Support spacings and span
  • Support types
  • Use of headboards / load spreaders
  • Pre-stressing of support units
  • Pillar sizes
  • Additional ad hoc support pillars
     
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The reasons for additional support measures are provided. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
  • Small rock block size requires larger areal coverage and smaller unsupported spans
  • High closure rate requires support yieldability and smaller support spacings
  • Seismic activity requires support yieldability and larger energy absorption
  • Scaling and spalling require smaller support spacings and larger areal coverage
  • High frequency of geological structures requires smaller support spacings
     
    		•

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The consequences of inadequate precautions are described in terms of the potential effect on occupational safety, health, equipment and production. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Demonstrate understanding of need for recording, implementation, monitoring of remnant precautions. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Demonstrate understanding of the need for the recording, implementation and monitoring of specified remnant precautions. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The consequences on not documenting required remnant precautions are explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The consequences of not adhering to specified remnant precautions are explained in terms of the potential effect on occupational safety, health, equipment and production. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The consequences of not installing additional support measures are described in terms of the potential effect on occupational safety, health, equipment and production. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The consequences of not installing support to acceptable quality are described in terms of the potential effect on occupational safety, health, equipment and production. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The consequences of not monitoring the implementation of remnant precautions are explained. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA.
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider through the relevant ETQA by SAQA.
  • Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines and the agreed ETQA procedures. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Essential embedded knowledge will be assessed through assessment of the specific outcomes in terms of the stipulated assessment criteria. Candidates are unlikely to achieve all the specific outcomes, to the standards described in the assessment criteria, without knowledge of the listed embedded knowledge. This means that for the most part, the possession or lack of the knowledge can be directly inferred from the quality of the candidate's performance. Where direct assessment of knowledge is required, assessment criteria have been included in the body of the unit standard.

    The following embedded knowledge is addressed in an integrated way in the unit standard:
  • Health and safety
  • Report writing
  • Legal and site-specific requirements 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identify and solve problems and make decisions using critical and creative thinking.
  • Note: The ability of the candidate to understand the hazards associated with remnants and the necessity for additional precautions will confirm. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as members of a team, group, organisation or community.
  • Note: Not applicable to this unit standard. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage themselves and their activities responsibly and effectively.
  • Note: Not applicable to this unit standard. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information.
  • Note: The ability of the candidate to identify and assess potential remnants that require additional precautions confirms. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively, using visual, mathematical and / or language skills in the modes of oral and / or written presentations.
  • Note: Understanding that appropriate communication with other personnel with regard to the recording and monitoring of remnant precautions confirms. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically, showing responsibility towards the environment and health of others.
  • Note: The use of science and technology is promoted through the understanding of technically advanced precautions used in remnant mining environments. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem-solving contexts do not exist in isolation.
  • Note: The understanding of the impact of remnant precautions on the health and safety of mining personnel confirms. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    Assessors should keep the following principles in mind when designing and conducting assessments against this unit standard:
  • Focus the assessment activities on gathering evidence in terms of the main outcome expressed in the title to ensure assessment is integrated rather than fragmented. Remember we want to declare the person competent in terms of the title. Where assessment at title level is unmanageable, then focus assessment around each specific outcome, or groups of specific outcomes.
  • Make sure evidence is gathered across the entire range, wherever it applies. Assessment activities should be as close to the real performance as possible, and where simulations or role-plays are used, there should be supporting evidence to show the candidate is able to perform in the real situation.
  • Do not focus the assessment activities on each assessment criterion. Rather make sure the assessment activities focus on outcomes and are sufficient to enable evidence to be gathered around all the assessment criteria.
  • The assessment criteria provide the specifications against which assessment judgements should be made. In most cases, knowledge can be inferred from the quality of the performances, but in other cases, knowledge and understanding will have to be tested through questioning techniques. Where this is required, there will be assessment criteria to specify the standard required.
  • The task of the assessor is to gather sufficient evidence, of the prescribed type and quality, as specified in this unit standard, that the candidate can achieve the outcomes again and again and again. This means assessors will have to judge how many repeat performances are required before they believe the performance is reproducible.
  • All assessments should be conducted in line with the following well documented principles of assessment: appropriateness, fairness, manageability, integration into work or learning, validity, direct, authentic, sufficient, systematic, open and consistent. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    Terminology

    Specified Requirements

    Specified requirements include legal and site-specific requirements and are contained in one or more of the following documents:

    Legal:
  • Relevant Acts: e.g. Mine Health & Safety Act, 1996 (Act no 29/1996), and Minerals Act and Regulations, 1991 (Act no 50/1991)
  • Mandatory Codes of Practice
  • SANS and other relevant Standards
  • Chief Inspector of Mines' Directives/instructions

    Site-specific:
  • Managerial Instructions
  • Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments (HIRA)
  • Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management Programme
  • List of Recorded OH&S Risks
  • Voluntary Codes of Practice
  • Manufacturers Specifications
  • Equipment and Materials Specifications
  • Working Guides
  • Mine Standard Procedures
  • Risk Assessment Documents
  • South African Bureau of Standards and other standards


    Unit Standard Justification
  • Skills: Level 4: Wide-ranging scholastic or technical
  • Procedures: Level 3: Significant choice.
  • Context: Level 3: Range of familiar.
  • Knowledge: Level 3: Some relevant theoretical
  • Information processing: Level 2: Basic processing of readily available information
  • Problem Solving: Level 3: A range of known responses to familiar problems, base on limited discretion and judgement.
  • Orientation of activities: Level 3: Directed, with some autonomy.
  • Orientation of scope of responsibility: Level 3: Significant responsibility for the quantity and quality of output, and possible responsibility for the output of others
  • Application of responsibility: Level 3: Under general supervision quality checking.

    Average Level: 27/9 = 3.00
    Actual Level Assigned: 3


    Credits

    Total hours required by the learner to achieve the required outcome:
  • Classroom Teaching: 16 hours
  • On-The-Job Training: 16 hours
  • Total: 32 hours

    Credits Achieved: 32 / 10 = 3.2
    Credits Assigned: 3 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  60369   National Certificate: Strata Control Operations  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  MQA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. ADCORP TECHNICAL TRAINING (PTY) LTD 
    2. GEOSTRAT TRAINING 
    3. PALABORA COPPER (PTY) LTD 
    4. SASOL GLOBAL LEARNING 
    5. SIBANYE GOLD ACADEMY PROPRIETARY LIMITED 
    6. THUNGELA OPERATIONS (PTY) LTD 
    7. XTRACT TRAINING SERVICES (SA)(PTY)LTD 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.