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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Perform visual inspection checks to identify paper defects 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
256296  Perform visual inspection checks to identify paper defects 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Pulp and Paper 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Engineering and Related Design 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 3  NQF Level 03  4 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard replaces: 
US ID Unit Standard Title Pre-2009 NQF Level NQF Level Credits Replacement Status
114279  Perform visual inspection tests to identify paper defects  Level 3  NQF Level 03  12   
246636  Perform visual inspection checks to identify paper defects  Level 3  NQF Level 03  4   

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
Learners who demonstrate competence as described in the outcomes of this unit standard will be able to perform visual inspection checks to identify paper defects.

The qualifying learner is able to:
  • Explain the fundamental principles applicable to visual checks.
  • Identify and discuss paper defects common to the paper industry.
  • Identify and discuss paper defects caused by equipment faults.
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Learners accessing this unit standard will have demonstrated competence against communication and mathematical literacy at NQF Level 2 or equivalent. 

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    The typical context of this unit standard covers the visual inspection checks used to identify paper defects.

    Range statements, which are applicable to the unit standard titles, specific outcomes and assessment criteria are found beneath the applicable assessment criteria. 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Explain the fundamental principles applicable to visual checks. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The purpose and reasons for performing visual paper checks are explained within the context of upstream and downstream processes in a pulp and paper mill. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The properties and characteristics of materials are described with regards to key characteristics. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    The different visual checks are explained with regards to the reason for performing each test. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Checks include picking, impression marks, size press marks, stamps, snailing lumps, blotches, dandy picks, wood shives, starch spots, rust, dust and spot count, calcium spots, our bells, oil marks, shiny spots, barring, water mark, dye reaction, volume fibres, shade variation, starch checking, streaks, coating flakes, crushing, poor formation.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    The principles, theories, rules and laws applicable to visual checks are explained in accordance with standard operating procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The names and functions of relevant measuring equipment, tools and materials are listed in accordance with the requirements of the tests. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    The nature and sequence of inspection procedures are described with regards to the general nature of visual checks. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Identify and discuss paper defects common to the paper industry. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Paper sheet defects are identified and discussed in accordance with workplace specification and faultfinding procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Paper formation defects are identified and discussed in accordance with workplace specification and faultfinding procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Causes, effects and implications of test variables and conditions are discussed with regards to test results. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Corrective action is discussed and taken in accordance with standard operating procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The interrelationship between the tests results and corrective actions to be taken is explained according to workplace procedures. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Identify and discuss paper defects caused by equipment faults. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Paper defects caused by dry-end operation are identified and discussed with reference to workplace specifications and faultfinding procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Paper defects include too many joins, starch, length, wax spots.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Paper defects caused by winder operation are identified and discussed with reference to workplace specifications and faultfinding procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Paper defects include telescoping, loose ends, diameter, shaving run, width stepping, unparted, joins, split/sheet out, slitting, core diameter, winder creased.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Paper defects related to surface property faults are identified and discussed with reference to workplace specifications and faultfinding procedures. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Causes, effects and implications of test variables and conditions are discussed with regards to test results. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    The master production schedule is interpreted in accordance with basic company planning principles. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Single point and slab tests are performed in accordance with workplace testing procedures. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Tests include visual inspection and observation, core test, rope and ridges, soft edges, starring, shell buckles, slack edges.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Test results are recorded and reported in accordance with basic communication principles and workplace requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Out-of-specification tests results are reported in accordance with workplace specifications. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Conforming and non-conforming products are identified and reported according to workplace specifications. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • An assessor, accredited with a relevant NQF Level 3 or higher qualification, will assess the learner's competency.
  • Only an Assessor with considerable first hand experience in process operations will assess the learner's competency.
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this Unit Standard must be registered as an Assessor with the relevant ETQA.
  • Direct observation in simulated or actual work conditions is required. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Qualifying learners understand and can:

    Names and functions of:
  • Testing equipment.
  • Measuring units and tools.
  • Specifications and standards.
  • Cleaning materials.

    Description, properties and characteristics of:
  • Materials.
  • Equipment.
  • Controls.
  • Services.

    Sensory cues:
  • Ad hoc tests for conditions (smell, colour, sound).

    The Purpose of:
  • Tests in terms of efficiencies and quality.
  • Cleaning.
  • Visual inspection.

    Causes, effects and implications of:
  • The test variables and conditions.
  • Hazards.
  • Nature and sequence of inspection procedures.
  • Collection and measuring conditions.
  • Test results.

    Procedures and Techniques of:
  • Sample collection.
  • Analysis.

    Interrelationships:
  • Between the tests results and corrective actions to be taken.

    Theory, rules, laws, principles of:
  • Sampling.
  • Testing.

    Regulations, legislation, agreements and policies related to:
  • Occupational Health and Safety Act.
  • Housekeeping.
  • Company safety procedures.
  • Standard operating procedures.
  • Quality specifications.
  • Laboratories. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    The learner is able to identify and solve problems in which responses display that responsible decisions, using critical and creative thinking, have been made by:
  • Describing typical problems encountered during visual inspection and solutions to these problems.
  • Recognising and responding to deviations.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcomes:
  • Identify and discuss paper defects common to the paper industry.
  • Identify and discuss paper defects caused by equipment faults.
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as a member of a team, group, organisation or community by:
  • Maintaining sound relations with co-workers.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcome:
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    The learner is able to organise and manage himself and his activities responsibly and effectively by:
  • Working to achieve consistent results required by the process/customers.
  • Planning and managing analyses.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcomes:
  • Identify and discuss paper defects caused by equipment faults.
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organise and critically evaluate information by:
  • Using various sources of information pertaining to visual inspection.
  • Translating conditions or instructions into specific actions or criteria.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively by using mathematical and/or language skills in the modes of oral and/or written presentations during:
  • Recording and reporting data related to the visual inspection.
  • Responding to questions and requests for additional information.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcome:
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Contribute to the full personal development of each learner and the social and economic development of the society at large by:
  • Using equipment and tools effectively.
  • Handling and treating materials correctly.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcome:
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by:
  • Explaining the purpose of performing visual tests within the context of the other processes.
  • Interpreting the master production schedule in accordance with basic company planning principles.
  • Identifying conforming and non-conforming products and explaining its effect on productivity and quality.

    Refer to the following Specific Outcomes:
  • Explain the fundamental principles applicable to visual checks.
  • Perform tests and record and report data related to inspections. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO CONTRIBUTING 
    Contribute to the full personal development of each learner and the social and economic development of the society at large by:
  • Understanding the role of performing visual tests in the pulp and paper environment and the effect it has on the growth and development of the organisation, its customers and employees.

    Refer to all Specific Outcomes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    This unit standard replaces unit standard 114279, "Perform visual inspection tests to identify paper defects", Level 3, 12 credits.

    Supplementary Information:

    Terms and definitions:
  • Standard operating procedures: The documented practice(s) defining the who, what, and when of quality activities.
  • Process: Means the manufacturing process where a product is manufactured using machinery and equipment with limited guidance or control from the learner.
  • Process and operating specifications: The measurements and indications of all variables monitored during operations including temperatures, pressures, speed, flow rates, power consumption, noise, vibration and visual indicators. 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  61971   National Certificate: Pulp and Paper Operations  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  FPMSETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
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    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.