SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Know and understand system restoration on the interconnected electrical networks 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
242771  Know and understand system restoration on the interconnected electrical networks 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Power Plant Operations 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Engineering and Related Design 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 6  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L6  4 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
A person credited with this unit standard knows and understands the situation where the system or a part of it collapses and the possibilities for system restoration. 

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
It is assumed that learners are already competent in:
  • Communication and Mathematical Literacy at NQF Level 5.
  • Electrical and Mechanical understanding at NQF level 5.
  • Knowledge of load dispatch on interconnected electrical networks at level 5. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    N/A 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    Describe a blackout condition and prepare for restoration. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Critical parameters to be determined after a major system upset are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The importance of communications is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Items of circuit breaker status are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Events that can cause the breakers to open are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Cold weather effects on breakers are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Possible alternatives if a control centre is blacked out are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Reasons to sectionalise a blacked out system are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    Steps to be taken before intentionally separating from a system that is descending into a blackout are described according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    Explain re-energising the transmission system and black starting. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Procedure for re-energising a blacked out system from a neighbouring healthy system is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Procedures for connecting generation and load are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Requirement for re establishing direct current connections is described according to set standards. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Method to establish a power source within a blacked out system is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Method to pick-up load and transmission from a power source within a blacked out system is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Black start characteristics of different types of power plants are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Minimum requirements for standby power at a fossil steam plant are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    Nuclear plants restrictions for black start are described according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    Describe cold load pick-up. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Characteristics of heating and lighting loads are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Characteristics of motor loads are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Characteristics of thermostatically controlled loads are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Curve of current vs. time for a reconnected feeder is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Ways of reducing the inrush on a re energised feeder are explained according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Explain generation loading and frequency control. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Precautions required when starting synchronous condensers after a blackout are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    The amount of synchronised generation that must be on line to start a synchronous condenser or pick up a block of load are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Prioritising feeders, and factors to be considered, for pick up are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Re-energisation route map for a part of a system are explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    The possibility of line trips due to oscillations is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Ways of reducing oscillations when rebuilding the system are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    Precautions necessary when synchronising islands are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    Controlling frequency when picking up loads is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 9 
    Preparing a system, which will be islanded deliberately, is explained according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 10 
    Limitations of fossil fired steam plants in islanded operation are explained according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5 
    Describe voltage control during restoration. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Allowable normal and emergency voltage deviations are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Use of reactors and load current to reduce the voltage rise on distribution lines is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Cable characteristics having a much greater voltage rise than overhead lines are described according g to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Effects of trapped charge on a transmission or distribution line are explained according to requirements. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 6 
    Describe organising for rapid recovery. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    Communication media used for system control is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    Duration to wait before starting to pick up lines in the absence of any communications is described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    Tests that can be performed without disrupting customers are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    Restoration simulations that could be carried out are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    Training priorities suggested by NERC are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    Disturbance severity levels and initiating causes used by CIGRE are described according to requirements. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    The importance of gathering post disturbance information is described according to requirements. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
  • Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or with an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Any institution offering learning that will enable the achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider with the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or with an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA.
  • Assessment and moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant Education, Training, Quality, Assurance (ETQA) Body, or by an ETQA that has a Memorandum of Understanding with the relevant ETQA, according to the ETQA's policies and guidelines for assessment and moderation.
  • Moderation must include both internal and external moderation of assessments at exit points of the Qualification, unless ETQA policies specify otherwise. Moderation should also encompass achievement of the competence described both in the Unit Standard.
  • Anyone wishing to be assessed against this unit standard may apply to be assessed by any assessment agency, assessor or provider institution that is accredited by the relevant ETQA. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Knowledge of restoration on the interconnected electrical networks. 

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Solve problems. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO WORKING 
    Work effectively with others as a group/team/organisation/community. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage oneself and one's activities responsibly and effectively. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, organise and critically evaluate information. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively using visual, mathematical and language skills in the modes of oral and written procedures. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO SCIENCE 
    Use science and technology effectively and critically. Show responsibility towards the environment and health of others. 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems. 

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    The following references to assessment tools to be made available through out this unit standard:
  • It is recommended that the learning material available from L&K International or any other relevant source on Electrical Network Fundamentals be studied prior to assessment.
  • Assessment to be conducted in line with the specific outcomes and criteria as stipulated in this standard. 
    		•

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  57693   National Diploma: Electrical Network Power Dispatch Controlling  Level 5  NQF Level 05  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  EWSETA 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.