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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Understand the operating principles, processess and variables associated with the coating of paper or board 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
114271  Understand the operating principles, processess and variables associated with the coating of paper or board 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Pulp and Paper 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Manufacturing and Assembly 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 4  NQF Level 04  10 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 2018-07-01  2023-06-30  SAQA 06120/18 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard does not replace any other unit standard and is not replaced by any other unit standard. 

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
Qualifying learners will be able to understand the operating principles, processes and variables associated with the coating of paper or board. 

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
Learners attempting this unit standard are required to understand process descriptions, physical phenomena, process equipment, interacting variables and product properties. It is therefore required that they are competent in basic scientific theory and are familiar with paper making operations, including the coating of paper. 

UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
This Unit Standard covers the understanding of the fundamental operating principles, processes and variables of coating paper or board. 

Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
Qualifying learners are able to discuss and explain the basic equipment and process configuration. 
OUTCOME NOTES 
Qualifying learners are able to discuss and explain the basic equipment and process configuration for coating paper or board. 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
1. Generic and alternative coating operations are discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
On and off-line.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
2. Equipment used for coating operations is discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Blade, air knife, rod, roll and coaters.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
3. The equipment arrangement for coating operations is discussed and explained. 

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
Learners are able to discuss and explain the inputs to coating operations. 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
1. The properties of paper and board required for coating operations are discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Moisture and mass profiles, porosity, surface properties, moisture content, strength.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
2. Utilities required for the coating operations are discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Water, power, air, steam, gas.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
3. The preparation and supply of chemicals for coating operations is discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Coating colours comprising pigments, dyes, binders and additives.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
4. The function of the coating colour constituents is discussed and explained. 

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
Learners are able to discuss and explain the process variables and their interrelationships. 
OUTCOME NOTES 
Learners are able to discuss and explain the process variables and their interrelationships and effect on product properties for the different coating operations. 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
1. The process variables and their effect on product quality for coating operations are discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Solids content of coating colour, viscosity, base paper and board properties.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
2. The interrelationships of the process variables for the coating processes are discussed and explained. 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
3. Properties of the coated paper or board leaving the coating operation are discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Coverage, optical properties, surface properties.
 

SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
Learners are able to discuss and explain typical process problems and offer typical solutions. 

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
1. Typical product deviations leaving the process are discussed and explained and solutions are offered. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Surface properties (smoothness, gloss, etc.).
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
2. Typical equipment problems within the process are discussed and explained and solutions are offered. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Coat mix variations, application system.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
3. Typical raw material problems within the process are discussed and explained and solutions are offered. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Pigments, lattices, paper.
 

ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
4. Environmental impacts are discussed and explained. 
ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
Gaseous emissions, liquid emissions.
 


UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA.
Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider through the relevant ETQA by SAQA.
Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures. 

UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
Things the learner knows and can explain:

Names, Functions and Locations of
  • The equipment pertaining to coating kitchens, mixing equipment, blending processes, coating application technology.

    Description, properties and characteristics of
  • Raw Materials (paper and board, coating formulation components)
  • Product/s [coated paper and board]
  • Process Equipment (coating kitchens, mixing equipment, blending processes, coating application equipment)
  • A typical layout of a coating of paper and board plant.

    The Purpose of the
  • Process in terms of product/s, efficiencies and quality.
    Causes, effects and implications of
  • The process variables/conditions associated with coating kitchens, mixing equipment, blending processes, coating application equipment
  • Raw Material (paper and board, coating raw materials)
  • Product Variables (coated paper and board)
  • Hazards

    Interrelationships
  • Between the variables of coating of paper and board, the process equipment and process conditions.
    Regulations, legislation, agreements and policies related to:
  • Environmental impact of gaseous and liquid emissions
    Theory: rules, principles, laws
  • Length
  • Temperature
  • Basic fluid flow
  • Fluid flow applied to non-Newtonian fluids
  • Rheology of high solid content fluids
  • Mass balancing 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identify and solve problems
  • Describe typical coating of paper and board process problems and solutions to these problems
  • Describe the basic scientific theory behind typical processes and problems and generate alternative solutions based on theory. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage self and activities
  • Participate in life long learning
  • Develop analytic skills in managing process operations 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organize and critically evaluate information
  • Use various sources of information pertaining to coating of paper and board including basic scientific and engineering theory. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively
  • Give written or oral descriptions pertaining to coating of paper and board
  • Respond to questions
  • Identify and solve problems 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    REREGISTRATION HISTORY 
    As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this unit standard was Reregistered in 2012; 2015. 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    N/A 

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Elective  61971   National Certificate: Pulp and Paper Operations  Level 3  NQF Level 03  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Reregistered"     		 2023-06-30  FPMSETA 
    Elective  48644   Further Education and Training Certificate: Paper, Board or Tissue Manufacturing  Level 4  NQF Level 04  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Registered"     		 2007-02-11  Was FPMSETA until Last Date for Achievement 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. VEB CELE & ASSOCIATES PTY LTD 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.