SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED UNIT STANDARD THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper making manufacturing processes 
SAQA US ID UNIT STANDARD TITLE
110051  Demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper making manufacturing processes 
ORIGINATOR
SGB Pulp and Paper 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY
-  
FIELD SUBFIELD
Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology Manufacturing and Assembly 
ABET BAND UNIT STANDARD TYPE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL CREDITS
Undefined  Regular  Level 2  NQF Level 02  10 
REGISTRATION STATUS REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE SAQA DECISION NUMBER
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Registered" 		 2004-02-11  2007-02-11  SAQA 2152/04 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2008-02-11   2011-02-11  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This unit standard is replaced by: 
US ID Unit Standard Title Pre-2009 NQF Level NQF Level Credits Replacement Status
246621  Demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper manufacturing processes  Level 2  NQF Level 02  10   
256236  Demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper manufacturing processes  Level 2  NQF Level 02  10   

PURPOSE OF THE UNIT STANDARD 
Persons credited with this unit standard are able to demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper making manufacturing processes, by discussing and explaining
  • The basic properties and uses of raw materials,
  • The processes and equipment used in mechanical and chemical pulping
  • The processes and equipment used in paper, board and tissue making
  • Machine configurations used for the manufacturing of different paper and board products
  • The energy and utility requirements 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Persons attempting this unit standard are required to read, understand and interpret textbooks
    of a technical nature. It is therefore recommended that they have achieved NQF level 1 or equivalent accreditation. 

    UNIT STANDARD RANGE 
    This unit standard covers the basic knowledge of pulp and paper making manufacturing processes, required by learners entering the pulp and paper making industry. 

    Specific Outcomes and Assessment Criteria: 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 1 
    The learner will have learned to discuss and explain the mechanical pulping processes. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    The learner will have learned to discuss and explain the mechanical pulping processes and the equipment used. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Mechanical pulping processes are discussed and explained with the aid of process flow diagrams. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Groundwood, thermomechanical and chemi-thermomechanical pulping.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Machines and equipment used in the mechanical pulping processes are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Groundwood, thermomechanical and chemi-thermomechanical pulping.
     

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 2 
    The learner will be able to discuss and explain the chemical pulping processes. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    The learner will be able to discuss and explain the chemical pulping processes, their by-products and compare mechanical and chemical pulping. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. The chemical processes are discussed and explained with the aid of process flow diagrams. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Kraft, sulphite (acid), neutral sulphite semi-chemical (NSSC) and soda.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. By-products resulting from the chemical pulping processes are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Turpentine, soap (tall oil).
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Machines and equipment used in the chemical pulping processes are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Kraft, sulphite (acid), neutral sulphite semi-chemical (NSSC) and soda.
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Mechanical and chemical pulping processes are compared. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Cost, strength, printability, colour and equipment.
     

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 3 
    The learner is able to discuss and explain the energy and utility requirements. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    The learner is able to discuss and explain the energy and utility requirements for the pulp, paper, board and tissue manufacturing processes. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Mill compressed air supply is discussed and explained with the aid of a block diagram. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The instrument compressed air supply is discussed and explained with the aid of a block diagram. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Steam supply is discussed and explained with the aid of a block diagram. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The cooling water supply system is discussed and explained with the aid of a block diagram. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Electricity supply is discussed and explained with the aid of a block diagram. 

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 4 
    Qualifying learners are able to discuss and explain the basic properties and uses of raw materials. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Qualifying learners are able to discuss and explain the basic properties and uses of raw materials used in the manufacturing of pulp and paper. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Properties and uses of the raw materials in pulp and paper manufacturing are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Wood (hard and softwood), vegetable (bagasse), textile (rags and cotton waste), animal products (wool, silk and leather), waste paper
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. The physical properties of hardwoods and softwoods are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Moisture, density, and length of fibres
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. The physical properties of hardwood and softwood pulps are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Strength, bulk, fibre length
     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. The physical properties of bagasse are discussed and explained. 
    ASSESSMENT CRITERION RANGE 
    Rind, pith and fibre
     

    SPECIFIC OUTCOME 5 
    Qualifying learners can discuss and explain machine configurations used for the manufacturing. 
    OUTCOME NOTES 
    Qualifying learners can discuss and explain machine configurations used for the manufacturing of different paper and board products. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERIA     

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 1 
    1. Stock preparation is discussed and explained in terms of pulp, stock, beating, refining, furnish, consistency, freeness, repulping, slushing, deflaking, screening, cleaning and blending. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 2 
    2. Machines and equipment in the approach flow circuit are discussed and explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 3 
    3. Machines and equipment on the wet end are discussed and explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 4 
    4. Machines and equipment on the press section are discussed and explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 5 
    5. Machines and equipment on the drying section are discussed and explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 6 
    6. Machines and equipment on the calendering and reeling section are discussed and explained. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 7 
    7. The process of roll finishing is discussed and explained in terms of scaling, wrapping and labeling. 

    ASSESSMENT CRITERION 8 
    8. The process of sheet finishing is discussed and explained in terms of cutters, rewinders, sorting and inspection, supercalendering and embossing. 


    UNIT STANDARD ACCREDITATION AND MODERATION OPTIONS 
    Anyone assessing a learner against this unit standard must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA.
    Any institution offering learning that will enable achievement of this unit standard must be accredited as a provider through the relevant ETQA by SAQA.
    Moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the moderation guidelines in the relevant qualification and the agreed ETQA procedures. 

    UNIT STANDARD ESSENTIAL EMBEDDED KNOWLEDGE 
    Things the learner knows and can explain:

    Names, Functions and Locations of:
  • All items of equipment.
  • Raw material.
  • Physical properties of product/s.
  • Finished product/s.

    Description, properties and characteristics of:
  • Raw materials.
  • Product/s.
  • Process equipment.
  • Process system/s.

    The Purpose of the:
  • Process, in terms of product/s and equipment. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD LINKAGES 
    N/A 


    Critical Cross-field Outcomes (CCFO): 

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO IDENTIFYING 
    Identify and solve problems:
  • Describe different properties of raw materials.
  • Identify machines and different processes in the pulp and paper industry. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO ORGANISING 
    Organise and manage self and activities:
  • Plan and prepare for learning and assessment. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COLLECTING 
    Collect, analyse, organize and critically evaluate information:
  • Differentiate between properties, machines and processes. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO COMMUNICATING 
    Communicate effectively:
  • Prepare and present flow diagrams.
  • Write descriptions of processes.
  • Communicate differences between processes and machines in industry. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD CCFO DEMONSTRATING 
    Demonstrate an understanding of the world as a set of related systems by recognising that problem-solving contexts do not exist in isolation by:
  • Understand that different processes form part of the bigger pulp and paper making business.
  • Reflect on exploring a variety of strategies to learn more effectively.
  • Participate as responsible citizens in the life of local, national and global communities.
  • Explore education and career opportunities. 
    		•

    UNIT STANDARD ASSESSOR CRITERIA 
    N/A 

    UNIT STANDARD NOTES 
    This unit standard will be replaced by unit standard 256236, "Demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper manufacturing processes", Level 2, 10 credits, as soon as 246621 is registered.

    This unit standard has been replaced by unit standard 2446621, which is "Demonstrate understanding of pulp and paper manufacturing processes", Level 2, 10 credits. 

    QUALIFICATIONS UTILISING THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
      ID QUALIFICATION TITLE PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL STATUS END DATE PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QA FUNCTIONARY
    Core  35941   National Certificate: Pulp and paper Manufacturing  Level 2  NQF Level 02  Passed the End Date -
    Status was "Registered"     		 2007-02-11  Was FPMSETA until Last Date for Achievement 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS UNIT STANDARD: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.