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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED QUALIFICATION THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Bachelor of Applied Science in Biotechnology 
SAQA QUAL ID QUALIFICATION TITLE
97809  Bachelor of Applied Science in Biotechnology 
ORIGINATOR
Durban University of Technology 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK
CHE - Council on Higher Education  HEQSF - Higher Education Qualifications Sub-framework 
QUALIFICATION TYPE FIELD SUBFIELD
National First Degree  Field 10 - Physical, Mathematical, Computer and Life Sciences  Life Sciences 
ABET BAND MINIMUM CREDITS PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL QUAL CLASS
Undefined  360  Not Applicable  NQF Level 07  Regular-Provider-ELOAC 
REGISTRATION STATUS SAQA DECISION NUMBER REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 SAQA 1141/23  2021-07-01  2024-06-30 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2025-06-30   2030-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This qualification does not replace any other qualification and is not replaced by any other qualification. 

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION 
Purpose:
The qualification prepares learners with focused knowledge, practical skills, attitudes and values necessary for the technological application of biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use in the biotechnology workplace whilst contributing to environmental sustainability. Graduates may seek employment in industrial and research laboratories such as drug and pharmaceutical research, public funded laboratories, chemicals, environmental control, water and waste management, energy, food processing and bio-processing industries.

Upon successful completion of this qualification, learners will be able to:
1. Exhibit an understanding of the relationship between biological and chemical principles and operations in the biotechnology laboratory.
2. Apply a working knowledge of laboratory safety and the safe handling of chemical and biological reagents including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and plant and mammalian cell culture systems.
3. Utilise information about biological systems to develop techniques for commercial production of food, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, bio-chemicals and clinical assays.
4. Demonstrate written and oral skills with the ability to summarize, evaluate, synthesize, and appropriately communicate scientific concepts to a variety of audiences.
5. Critically analyse the principles of current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and industry management.
6. Execute laboratory activities commonly carried out in the biotechnology laboratory including, but not limited to, DNA and protein isolation, PCR, electrophoresis, centrifugation, enzyme manipulations, solution preparation, the culture of biological organisms, production of bio-products and instrumental analysis.
7. Maintain a professional code of conduct, work ethic and uphold confidential company intellectual property.

The purpose of the qualification is to focus on the generation of knowledge and expertise in the emerging areas of science and technology by developing state-of-the-art knowledge and skills to produce quality learners needed in biotechnology and related fields for societal and industrial benefit. The Biotechnology qualification is driven by the development of theoretical knowledge base as well as the business needs of the biotechnology sector. It involves a flexible model where the content would continuously evolve with the rapid changes occurring in the Biotechnology Industry.

The qualification would provide competence in biotechnology by providing training in the areas of microbiology, biochemistry, analytical techniques, molecular biology and bioinformatics. Lectures, seminars and hands-on projects, both in-house and during project based learning, will form part of the learning process. The thrust is towards the integration of the theoretical knowledge with the hands-on practical experience. The learners of this qualification would interact closely with researchers in this area and also participate actively in the on-going research projects. The thrust areas of research are industrial products, water and wastewater technology, medicinal biotechnology and molecular biology.

Unique attributes of the qualification:
  • The 3rd year incorporates a research project which is not restricted to a single final-year module but can be based on any of the final year modules or even several of these modules. This project in itself is unique in that it requires learners to prepare and present a research proposal, written project report and an oral presentation in the final year. The project will be community-based and learners will be encouraged to research topics that directly affect their communities. Alternatively, the project can be industry-linked. It is envisaged that such projects will eventually lead to a compulsory "community-service" module that allow translation of Biotechnology and Food Technology benefits to our wider community.

    Rationale:
    Biotechnology is a multi-faceted discipline, which has been making a steady impact in South Africa. Globally the discipline has made a massive contribution in the science and technology arena. Biotechnologists are skilled to respond to issues of food and water contamination, bioremediation, the manufacture of environmentally friendly bio-products, food safety and quality control - issues that significantly affect society and the economy. Thus Biotechnology contributes to the food and beverage industry, agricultural industry, water industry, pharmaceutical industry, and chemical industry to name a few. In keeping with the advent of green biotechnology, in particular the biofuels industry, this qualification will provide the foundational knowledge to meet the needs of this new wave of biotechnology.

    The qualification further provides a strong foundation for postgraduate studies enabling career path development and lifelong learning in biotechnology research and development, as well as industry management and entrepreneurship. The graduates may find research and development career opportunities in parastatal research institutions such as Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Medical Research Council (MRC), Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and Technology Innovation Agency (TIA).

    National, provincial and local employment needs:
    The government has developed and implemented the National Biotechnology Strategy over the last decade. Biotechnology has been recognized as a scarce skill as its potential contribution to environmental sustainability and bio-economy is enormous. Research funding from both the National Research Foundation (NRF) and Department of Science and Technology (DST) has been made available to both undergraduate and post-graduate for the pursuit of biotechnology careers. More recently biotechnology has been identified as a green occupation in the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) Organising Framework for Occupations (OFO) 2013. At the national, provincial and regional levels there has been a steady increase in the establishment of several biotechnology start-ups, which has served as a source of employment for our graduates. This qualification has been designed taking into account these needs especially with the thrust for biotechnologists to be competent in 'green skills' required in the biofuels and bioremediation industries. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL):
    This qualification may be achieved in part through the recognition of prior learning, which includes formal, informal and non-formal learning and work experience. If the candidate is able to demonstrate competence in the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes implicit in this qualification the appropriate credits would be assigned to the prospective learners.

    The Department of Biotechnology's RPL process will be aligned with the institution's Recognition of Prior Learning Policy and will include representation from industry and appropriate academia from tertiary institutions when reviewing RPL applications.

    The purpose of the RPL policy is to:
  • Provide a framework for the implementation of Recognition of Prior Learning procedures within the Durban University of Technology (DUT).
  • Facilitate access and admission to qualifications within education and training and career paths.
  • Accelerate redress of past unfair discrimination in education, training and employment opportunities.
  • Promote and facilitate lifelong learning.
  • Outline general procedures relating to the processing of RPL applications at the institution.

    Entry Requirements:
    Learners will be allowed entry into the qualification if they possess either of the following:
  • Senior Certificate (SC) with endorsement.
    Or
  • National Senior Certificate (NSC) passed with Bachelor's Degree admission.
    Or
  • National Certificate Vocational (NCV) at NQF Level 4 passed with Bachelor's Degree admission. 
    		•

    RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING? 
    Y 

    QUALIFICATION RULES 
    The qualification consists of compulsory and elective modules at NQF Levels 5, 6 and 7 totalling 360 Credits.
    Modules at NQF Level 5:
  • Chemistry 1, 16 Credits.
  • Biology 1, 16 Credits.
  • Mathematics, 12 Credits.
  • Cornerstone 101, 12 Credits.

    Elective Modules (at least three)
  • Interpersonal Communication and self, 8 Credits.
  • Introduction to Technopreneurship, 8 Credits.
  • Reflections on Quantitative Thinking, 8 Credits.
  • Cultural Diversity, 8 Credits.
  • Literacies through literature, 8 Credits.
  • Me, My World, My Universe, 8 Credits.
  • Practical Parenting, 8 Credits.
  • Hands Filled with Meaning, 8 Credits.
  • Violence and Non-Violence, 8 Credits.
  • Sustainable Earth Studies, 8 Credits.
  • Values in the Workplace, 8 Credits.
  • Leadership, 8 Credits.
  • Law for Life, 8 Credits.
  • World of Work, 8 Credits.
  • Constitutional Law and Human Rights, 8 Credits.
    Total at NQF Level 5, 80 Credits.

    Modules at NQF Level 6:
  • Bacteriology 2, 16 Credits.
  • Biochemistry 2, 16 Credits.
  • Physics, 12 Credits.
  • Mycology, 12 Credits.
  • Food Microbiology, 16 Credits.
  • Microbial Biochemistry 3, 16 Credits.
  • Virology and Immunology 2, 16 Credits.
  • Plant Biotechnology 3, 8 Credits.

    Elective modules (Select one):
  • Applied Sciences for Sustainable Development, 12 Credits.
  • Role of Applied Science in Society, 12 Credits.
  • Community Development and Engagement, 12 Credits.
    Total at NQF Level 6, 124 Credits.

    Modules at NQF Level 7:
  • Fermentation Science and Technology 2, 16 Credits.
  • Analytical Biochemistry 3, 16 Credits.
  • Bacteriology 3, 16 Credits.
  • Molecular Biology 3, 16 Credits.
  • Industrial Biotechnology, 16 Credits.
  • Recombinant DNA Technology 3, 16 Credits.
  • Medical Biotechnology, 8 Credits.
  • Research Project 1, 8 Credits.
  • Research Project 2, 16 Credits.
  • Food Biotechnology, 8 Credits.
  • Industry Management, 8 Credits.
  • Bioremediation, 16 Credits.
    Total at NQF Level 7, 160 Credits. 
    		•

    EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES 
    1. Exhibit an understanding of the relationship between biological and chemical principles and operations in the biotechnology laboratory.
    2. Apply a working knowledge of laboratory safety and the safe handling of chemical and biological reagents including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and plant and mammalian cell culture systems.
    3. Utilise information about biological systems to develop techniques for commercial production of food, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, bio-chemicals and clinical assays.
    4. Demonstrate written and oral skills with the ability to summarize, evaluate, synthesize, and appropriately communicate scientific concepts to a variety of audiences.
    5. Critically analyse and apply the principles of current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and industry management.
    6. Execute laboratory activities commonly carried out in the biotechnology laboratory including, but not limited to, DNA and protein isolation, PCR, electrophoresis, centrifugation, enzyme manipulations, solution preparation, the culture of biological organisms, production of bio-products and instrumental analysis.
    7. Maintain a professional code of conduct, work ethic and uphold confidential company intellectual property. 

    ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 
    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 1:
  • Structure and inter-relationships within the Biotechnology sector is evaluated.
  • Roles and responsibilities of individuals within the Biotechnology sector are analysed.
  • Contemporary issues and novel concepts relating to the dynamic field of Biotechnology are reviewed and integrated into practice.

    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 2:
  • Legal and ethical responsibilities associated with working with biological specimens for research or industries as well as bioethics are demonstrated.
  • The importance of a sense of responsibility, a commitment to peer review, truthful reporting of the methods and outcomes of investigations are understood.
  • Scientific knowledge is used by those who engage in design and technology to solve practical problems, taking human values and limitations into account.
  • The emergency procedures in case of fire, burn, chemical spill or other hazardous situations are understood and demonstrated.
  • Emergency equipment, including first aid and laboratory apparatus, materials, and technology are located and used in an appropriate and safe manner.
  • Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is located and utilised to operate in a safe manner.
  • Knowledge of universal precautions for blood-borne pathogens is demonstrated.

    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 3:
  • Several local biotechnology companies specialising in the production of pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, industrial products, and research instruments and reagents are identified.
  • The benefits of products derived from biotechnological advances (including DNA technology) are compared to an environment devoid of biotechnological products or applications.
  • Experiments and industrially important products (enzymes, secondary plant metabolites) are designed and produced at laboratory scale.
  • Knowledge of various career fields related to biotechnology, including but not limited to those in agriculture, law enforcement, environmental, genetics and medical fields are utilised.

    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 4:
  • Good listening, writing, and verbal communication skills and procedures are demonstrated.
  • Potential errors in protocol are recognised and addressed with colleagues and the appropriate supervisor.
  • Research, manufacturing, quality control, or quality assurance skills are demonstrated while working in a team with a defined individual responsibility.
  • Basic observational skills and related documentation strategies are developed in written and oral form.
  • Appropriate scientific terminology and abbreviations are used.
  • Technical material is interpreted and a journal article related to the development of a process or product on which the learner has worked is prepared.

    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 5:
  • The underlying principles of cGMP, Quality and its significance in the industry are developed and practical strategies to apply those principles in the workplace are implemented.
  • GMP and ISO 9000 elements are integrated into a Quality System.
  • Areas of GMP non-compliance are identified and corrective actions are proposed and implemented.
  • International and National GMP compliance is defined and evaluated based on current trends.

    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 6:
  • Technical and manipulative skills in using laboratory equipment, tools, materials and computer software are applied.
  • Laboratory procedures, including health and safety, and scientific methods and abstract concepts and theories gained by experiencing and visualizing them as authentic phenomena are understood.
  • The skills of scientific enquiry and problem-solving, including:
    > Recognizing and defining a problem.
    > Formulating hypotheses.
    > Designing experiments.
    > Collecting data through observation and/or experimentation.
    > Interpreting data.
    > Testing hypotheses.
    > Drawing conclusions.
    > Communicating processes, outcomes and their implications, are demonstrated.

    Associated assessment criteria for Exit Level Outcome 7:
  • Knowledge, skills and ethics relevant to current industry and professional standards and codes of ethics and practice are applied.
  • Awareness and sensitivity to conflict, culture and context is displayed.
  • On-going reflection on and development of personal capability to meet professional standards, is demonstrated.

    Integrated Assessment:
    Integrated assessments will combine a number of different elements and will require learners to bring together different sets of outcomes of learning into a demonstration of applied competence. Integrated assessment will be emphasized in this qualification because it links the notion of applied competence, which is a central concern of the NQF. Applied competence will be achieved by combining practical, foundational and reflective competence. Integrated assessments will:
  • Assess a number of outcomes together using written tests, case study reports and/or assignments.
  • Assess a number of assessment criteria together using written tests, case study reports and/or assignments.
  • Use a various assessment methods and instruments to achieve an outcome/s.
  • Acquire evidence from sources such as supervisor's reports, testimonials, portfolios, logbooks and/or journals.

    Assessment practices will be open, transparent, fair, valid, and reliable to ensure that no learner is disadvantaged in any way whatsoever, so that an integrated approach to assessment is incorporated into the qualification.

    The validity of the assessments will be confirmed through the following strategies:
  • Clarify learning outcomes and their link to specific assessment criteria within an overall assessment strategy.
  • Use a range of assessment methods to ensure that all learning outcomes are assessed.
  • Establish a link between assessment, learning and personal development, by allowing learners an element of choice, thereby encouraging self-assessment and reflection.

    The reliability of the assessments will be confirmed through the following strategies:
  • Establish clear, common and manageable assessment criteria.
  • Use internal moderators who meet during and after the assessment to compare results.
  • Use several assessment methods.
  • Evaluate the assessment criteria for efficacy and relevance.

    The term `Integrated Assessment' implies that theoretical and practical components should be assessed together. During integrated assessments, the assessor should make use of a range of formative and summative assessment tools methods and assess combinations of practical, applied, foundational and reflective competencies. Continuous assessment should be provided through:
  • Portfolios.
  • Simulations.
  • Workplace assessments and practical workbooks.
  • Written assignments.
  • Written tests.
  • Case studies and case presentations.
  • Peer group evaluation.
  • Competency evaluations of clinical skills.
  • Face to face contact with learners. 
    		•

    INTERNATIONAL COMPARABILITY 
    During the development of the Bachelor of Applied Sciences in Biotechnology Degree, qualifications and best practices in Australia, Singapore and China were compared.
    The following is a list of qualifications that were referenced in the development of the Degree in Biotechnology:
  • University of Queensland (Australia) - Degree qualifications.
  • Republic Polytechnic (Singapore) - Degree qualifications.

    The Degree in Biotechnology was developed using a structural progression from basic sciences in the first year to the advanced research and project work carried out in semester 5 and 6. University of Queensland and Republic Polytechnic - Singapore shows similar progression in the Biotechnology Degree qualifications. These qualifications have incorporated a project in the final year along with course work which is demonstrated by the new curriculum at the institution. The main correlation between our institution and the other universities of technology is the final year which shows the integration of a Project based component which will be served in the relevant biotechnology industry.

    Conclusion:
    This qualification compares favourably with the two cited qualifications in terms of purpose and the research/project focus. 
    		•

    ARTICULATION OPTIONS 
    The qualification allows both horizontal and vertical articulation.

    Horizontally it articulates with a Bachelor's Degree in Biotechnology. The proposed progression route from the Bachelor of Applied Sciences in Biotechnology Degree (NQF 7) is vertically with the Bachelor of Applied Sciences in Biotechnology Honours Degree (NQF 8). Alternatively, learners may pursue a Bachelor of Sciences (Honours) Degree at other institutions after completion of the three year Bachelor's Degree. 

    MODERATION OPTIONS 
    N/A 

    CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS 
    N/A 

    NOTES 
    N/A 

    LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION: 
     
    NONE 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. Durban University of Technology 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.