SAQA All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.
SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED QUALIFICATION: 

Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management 
SAQA QUAL ID QUALIFICATION TITLE
96713  Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management 
ORIGINATOR
MANCOSA Pty (Ltd) 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK
CHE - Council on Higher Education  HEQSF - Higher Education Qualifications Sub-framework 
QUALIFICATION TYPE FIELD SUBFIELD
Higher Certificate  Field 03 - Business, Commerce and Management Studies  Public Administration 
ABET BAND MINIMUM CREDITS PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL QUAL CLASS
Undefined  140  Not Applicable  NQF Level 05  Regular-Provider-ELOAC 
REGISTRATION STATUS SAQA DECISION NUMBER REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE
Registered  EXCO 0324/24  2024-07-01  2027-06-30 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2028-06-30   2031-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This qualification replaces: 
Qual ID Qualification Title Pre-2009 NQF Level NQF Level Min Credits Replacement Status
36083  Certificate: Local Government and Development  Level 5  Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5  140  Complete 

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION 
Purpose:
The purpose of the Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management is to equip learners with foundational knowledge and management skills essential for effective service delivery in the local government sector. It is designed to enhance the competencies of junior managers or school leavers aiming to enter local government management, focusing on governance, development, and administrative efficiency. The qualification is designed for learners to gain a comprehensive understanding of local government structures, policies, and practices. Learners will develop the ability to manage municipal functions, support service delivery initiatives, and contribute to local economic development. Additionally, learners will enhance the ability in problem-solving, decision-making, and leadership skills relevant to the local government sector. The target learners include school leavers aspiring to build careers in local government management and junior managers already working in municipalities who seek to improve their competencies. The qualification is also suitable for individuals working in or moving across regions with varying access to higher education, particularly those in rural or outlying areas.

Therefore, learners will want to complete this qualification to enhance their career prospects in the local government sector, as it provides the student with the skills necessary for effective management roles. The qualification offers a stepping stone for career advancement, higher education opportunities, and increased employability in municipalities and public institutions. The qualification enables learners to acquire key skills that are in demand in the local government sector. It enhances the learners' ability to manage municipal functions, which opens opportunities for promotions or entry into the workforce at a junior managerial level. Learners also benefit from distance learning, which allows learners to study while working, accommodating a flexible learning style suited to individual needs. (Public Service Commission, 2023).

Upon completion of the qualification, graduates will possess a solid foundation in local governance principles, policy formulation, and the role of municipalities in public service delivery. Graduates will also be prepared for further study in higher qualifications like a Diploma or Bachelor's Degree in Public Administration (SAQA, 2023). After completing the qualification, learners will be able to manage and administer local government processes, understand the legislative framework governing municipalities, and engage with local communities in a way that supports sustainable development. Learners will also understand financial management, human resource management, and project management in the context of local government. Learners will be responsible for delivering effective management of municipal services, ensuring compliance with local government policies, and leading initiatives that promote local economic development. These responsibilities are covered in modules like Fundamentals of Local Government, Local Government Finance, and Project Management, and are directly linked to Exit Level Outcomes.

With the current skills need in and the scarcity of the qualifications in the public sector, this qualification aims to produce graduates who are in possession of specific graduate attributes. The below qualification attributes align to the institution's Graduate Attributes of ethical awareness and critical thinking, community engagement, artificial intelligence and data literacy, cultural intelligence, sustainability and environmental awareness. The qualification's graduate attributes identified below demonstrate the competencies the learner will possess upon completion of the modules and assessments within the qualification:
  • Manage municipal functions, ensuring compliance with local government legislation and policies
  • Coordinate local economic development projects that benefit communities
  • Administer public resources efficiently to support service delivery
  • Implement human resource management practices within a local government context
  • Apply principles of financial management in municipal budgeting and planning
  • Support disaster management planning and response initiatives at a local level

    The purpose of the qualification is encapsulated in the qualification's exit-level outcomes, which align to the South African Qualifications Authority National Qualifications Framework competencies for an NQF Level 5 qualification.

    Upon completion of the qualification, graduates will be able to:
  • Identify the legal framework of local government
  • Apply basic financial management skills in the work environment
  • Analyse disaster management activities
  • Evaluate the provisions of relevant legislation
  • Develop the capacity to communicate effectively

    Upon completion of the qualification, graduates can aspire to the following positions:
  • Administrative Officer
  • Junior Managers in municipalities
  • Local Government Official
  • Public Administrator
  • Municipal Councillor
  • Compliance Monitoring Officer

    Rationale:
    The qualification has been designed to address a gap in the local government sector where junior managers lack essential management skills, particularly at a local government level (Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs,2021). The qualification is designed for both school leavers and individuals who are already employed in junior roles. The qualification is designed to help improve skills and competencies that enhance local government service delivery. According to Moloto (2023), South Africa's local government structures often face challenges with management capacity, which impacts service delivery and governance, highlighting the need for this qualification. The qualification is offered through a distance learning mode, thus satisfying two segments. The first segment is learners out of school wishing to seek employment and study simultaneously, and the second segment is junior managers wishing to enhance management skills

    Offering the qualification via distance learning provides wider access to the qualification, particularly for learners in rural and outlying areas who do not have access to quality higher education qualifications. Distance learning also offers self-paced or self-directed learning, accommodating the various learning styles of learners. Distance learning is also an ideal mode for learners who are migrating across regions.

    The qualification is uniquely designed to offer foundational knowledge and skills for junior managers in local government, and a search through the National Qualifications Framework confirmed that there is no exact match to this qualification, making it distinct in terms of its focus on developing management skills specifically for local government.

    The need for this qualification was identified by various stakeholders in local government, including municipalities, government departments, and professional bodies, to address skill shortages and improve management capacity (Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs,2021). As South Africa continues to focus on developing efficient local governance structures, this qualification meets the sector's requirement for well-trained local government managers. Therefore, the qualification will contribute to addressing South Africa's national skills shortage in local governance. Municipalities need skilled managers to implement policies effectively and drive service delivery. The qualification also supports the government's development agenda by producing competent individuals who can lead within local government settings.

    This qualification has been developed with insights from the relevant sectors, but it is not a requirement for specific professional registration or licensing. However, the National Development Plan, (2020) posits that the qualification supports career advancement in the local government sector, which may indirectly lead to professional designations in public management or municipal administration.

    Taking the above into consideration, it is therefore noted that the qualification benefits society and the economy by equipping learners with management skills tailored to local government. The qualification promotes effective governance, which in turn supports local economic development and improves the quality of public services. It aligns with national strategies to strengthen local governments' capacity, thus contributing to both socio-economic growth and stability (Local Government Sector Education and Training Authority, 2024).

    The curriculum is designed to appeal to a range of learners who are interested in obtaining a quality qualification in the field of local governance and development management. The anticipated student cohort comprises individuals who have recently completed their secondary education, working professionals who aim to enhance their skills or shift their career trajectory towards this field, and learners who are seeking a high-quality education that is applicable to real-world contexts. This includes learners in rural areas or those with limited access to higher education who benefit from the distance learning mode (Local Government Sector Education and Training Authority, 2024).

    The qualification will be beneficial to individuals in the fields below and those who want to find employment as listed below:
  • Administrative Officer
  • Junior Managers in municipalities
  • Local Government Official
  • Public Administrator
  • Municipal Councillor
  • Compliance Monitoring Officer

    These are a few career options that the graduates of the qualification will typically transition into and operate in junior management roles within municipalities or local government departments. These roles involve coordinating public services, managing local government projects, and ensuring compliance with local government legislation.

    The qualification serves as a foundational qualification, offering a pathway to further studies in public management or local government. The qualification is pitched at NQF level 5 with a total of 120 credits. Learners can articulate horizontally, vertically and diagonally nationally and internationally. By articulating vertically, learners will be able to seek opportunities within senior roles in the public sector. Upon completion of the Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management qualification, learners can progress from a Higher Certificate to a degree qualification and then to an honours qualification. Thereafter, graduates can progress to a master's qualification and ultimately to a doctorate-level qualification within the cognate field.

    Graduates of the qualification will be able to articulate into the institution's Advanced Diploma in Public Administration or the Bachelor of Public Administration. The articulation results in propensity among learners to pursue further specialisation to enhance the learners' prospects for career advancement. 

  • LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL):
    The institution recognises the important role that the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) plays in ensuring equitable access and participation in Higher Education. In this process, non-formal and/or informal learning is measured, evaluated, and checked for equivalence or parity with the formal qualification entry requirements. The RPL assessment process will focus on ways of evaluating a person's knowledge and skills acquired through lifelong learning experiences (formal, non-formal and informal) against a set of pre-determined criteria.

    RPL Process
    Learners are required to submit an RPL application and the MANCOSA RPL committee shall meet and provide outcomes regarding all RPL applications that are presented before the committee for decisions and recommendations regarding entry into the qualifications which prospective RPL candidates have applied for. The decisions are communicated by the committee to the relevant stakeholders in the enrolment department. The RPL process focuses on establishing whether the student has acquired competence in the following areas:
  • Basic theoretical knowledge
  • Practical competence
  • Reflective competence
  • Applied competence

    The RPL applicant must:
  • Be at least 23 years of age for undergraduate qualifications and at least 30 years of age for postgraduate qualifications
  • Applicants must demonstrate relevant professional work experience as follows:
    Undergraduate Qualifications: A minimum of 3 years of related work experience.
    Postgraduate Diplomas: A minimum of 4 years of related work experience.
    Honours Qualifications: A minimum of 5 years of related work experience.
    Master's Qualifications: A minimum of 8 years of relevant work experience.
  • Submit a detailed Portfolio of Evidence with documents required to substantiate RPL application

    All RPL applications are subject to evaluation by the RPL committee. No more than 10% of a cohort will be admitted into the qualification based on RPL. It is assumed that the learning derived from work or life experience will be a major element in the profiles of non-standard entrants primarily by means of a portfolio of evidence. Where appropriate, interviews will also be conducted to assess applicants for selection purposes.

    RPL for access:
    Assesses whether a candidate's prior experience and learning meet the entry requirements for a qualification, enabling them to be accepted into the qualification. In contrast, RPL for credits and/or exemptions evaluates if this prior learning can be counted towards specific modules within the qualification, potentially shortening the duration or reducing the coursework required. Essentially, RPL for admission determines eligibility for entry, while RPL for credits and exemptions grants academic credit or module exemptions based on previous learning.
    All RPL applications are subject to evaluation by the RPL committee. No more than 10% of a cohort will be admitted into the qualification based on RPL. It is assumed that the learning derived from work or life experience will be a major element in the profiles of non-standard entrants primarily by means of a portfolio of evidence. Where appropriate, interviews will also be conducted to assess applicants for selection purposes.

    Entry Requirements:
  • National Senior Certificate NQF Level 4, granting access to Higher Certificate studies.
    Or
  • National Certificate Vocational NQF Level 4, granting access to Higher Certificate studies.
    Or
  • Senior Certificate NQF Level 4 without endorsement. 

  • RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING? 

    QUALIFICATION RULES 
    This qualification consists of the following compulsory and elective modules at National Qualifications Framework Level 7 totalling 120 Credits.

    Compulsory Modules, Level 5, 140 Credits:
  • Local Government Management, 20 Credits.
  • Fundamentals of Local Governance, 20 Credits.
  • Local Government Finance, 20 Credits.
  • Disaster Management, 20 Credits.
  • Local Government Human Resource Management, 20 Credits.
  • Project Management in Local Government, 20 Credits.
  • Ethics and Professionalism, 20 Credits. 

  • EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES 
    1. Identify the legal framework of local government
    2. Apply basic financial management skills in the work environment.
    3. Analyse disaster management activities.
    4. Evaluate the provisions of relevant legislation.
    5. Develop the capacity to communicate effectively. 

    ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 
    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 1:
  • Explore legal concepts and principles to understand the legal framework pertaining to local government
  • Analyse legislative frameworks to understand their influence on the functioning and service delivery of local government.
  • Interpret local government legislation, policies, and regulatory frameworks to ensure compliance, accountability, and effective governance.
  • Investigate the scope and context of legal issues that apply to local government to ensure best practice

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 2:
  • Identify and explore basic financial management knowledge and skills to realise the importance of effective financial management in local governance and development management
  • Apply fundamentals of financial management methods to promote operational efficiency and financial accountability.
  • Interpret financial data to detect variances, verify compliance with regulations, and inform sound decision-making within the organisational context.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 3:
  • Examine origins and approaches of disaster management to understand the foundations that underpin concepts in local governance and development management processes
  • Explore disaster management issues and developments to determine its impact on local governance decision-making frameworks
  • Apply disaster management activities and strategies to various local government contexts

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 4:
  • Identify and explore local government and development management legislation to evaluate and apply effectively
  • Analyse legislative requirements on organisational policies, procedures, and operational practices to determine their effect on compliance and performance.
  • Evaluate legislative provisions to identify shortcomings, potential risks, and opportunities for strengthening governance and enhancing service delivery.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 5:
  • Develop and apply personal presentation and business communication skills.
  • Apply written communication methods to develop reports, memoranda, and other professional documents that are coherent, concise, and suited to the intended audience.
  • Employee active listening and interpersonal communication skills to interact with colleagues, stakeholders, and clients in a respectful, professional, and collaborative manner

    Integrated Assessment:
    The institution 's Assessment Strategy has been reviewed and amended according to Council on Higher Education Accreditation Criteria (2012), the National Policy and Criteria for Designing and Implementing Assessment for NQF Qualifications and Part-Qualifications and Professional Designations in South Africa (SAQA, 2014).

    Integrated assessment requires careful consideration in implementing formative and summative assessment methods, which offer an inclusive and holistic view of learners' learning. Assessments are aligned with the pre-defined learning outcomes per module, culminating with the qualification exit level outcomes. Formative and summative assessments are diverse in nature, and these encompass knowledge check questions, case studies, and scenario-based questions. Formative assessments allow for regular feedback to learners, highlighting areas of success and improvement. Summative assessments evaluate student learning after a student's learning journey. Imperative to integrated assessments is the provisioning of feedback to not only learners but also internally, whereby the results of assessments play a critical role in informing the development of future assessments, assessment practices and the continuous improvement of the qualification.

    Assessments at different NQF Levels:
    The institution has recognised a change in its student profile and more significantly in the learning needs of learners, nationally and internationally. Correspondingly, there have been a number of advancements in education technology that better support student success. In pursuit of global relevance and enhanced student success, the institution has taken the decision to participate in this global trend and will initiate the natural progression from distance to online for its qualifications, and to this end, the institution has undertaken a review of its Assessment Strategy. The Assessment Strategy is outlined within the institution's Assessment Policy. As such, the following is provided as rationale for the assessments at NQF level 5:

    Qualifications pitched at NQF level 5 are usually one year in duration, and one would assume better throughput rates in qualifications of shorter duration. Internal research undertaken the institution has evidenced however that the higher certificate qualifications have similar and, in some cases, lower throughput rates than those of the degree qualifications. This can be attributed to the entry profile of learners on the NQF level 5 qualifications, the majority of whom are school leavers who did not qualify for degree endorsement. This suggests that these learners require additional support to ensure a reasonable opportunity at success. The institution has therefore introduced a range of knowledge checks and reflective exercises into the NQF level 5 assessments. The core purpose is for the student to develop and demonstrate an understanding of key concepts, terms, and theories. These knowledge checks grant learners' additional opportunities to be assessed and get feedback for continuous improvement and therefore carry a 40% weighting each - ultimately enhancing the learning experience and supporting a philosophy of life-long learning. Exams are stressful and often regurgitation exercises that do not contribute to the philosophy of lifelong learning. As such, the institution has elected to introduce a project component as the summative assessment for the Higher Certificate Qualifications, which contributes 60% of the final assessment weighting and will allow learners to synthesise their experiences and knowledge and apply these to practical scenarios.

    Assessment Type, Method, and Description
    The assessment method for each module on this qualification is by:
    Formative Assessment -These are online assessments. These assessments are in the form of multiple-choice questions, true/false or a combination of both.
    Summative Assessment - This assessment is in the form of a project and requires calculations

    Formative Assessment:
    Assessment type Weighting
    Formative Assessment, 40%

    Summative Assessment:
    Summative Assessment (Project) 60%

    The final mark calculates as follows:
    Formative Assessment, 40%
    Summative Assessment (Project), 60%

    Subminimum Requirements
    Formative Assessment, Compulsory completion and an average of 50% (20/40) across all formative assessments
    Summative Assessment, 50%
    To pass a module, the following requirements must be met:
  • The compulsory completion of ALL assessment activities;
  • The sub-minimum requirements as outlined above
  • A final combined mark of 50% 

  • INTERNATIONAL COMPARABILITY 
    Country: Canada
    Name of Institution: Capilano University
    Name of Qualification: Local Government Administration Certificate

    Purpose of Qualification:
    As a student of the Local Government Administration Certificate, the student will gain a broader understanding of local government. Training in this qualification will help learners develop new skills which can be applied in a professional setting. Modules are taught in a collaborative way by local government leaders.

    Learning Outcomes:
  • Demonstrate knowledge related to the four local government core areas: administration, services, finance and law
  • Employ basic research methods and demonstrate critical analysis skills for written reports on local government issues
  • Prepare and demonstrate competency in delivery of oral presentations
  • Demonstrate interpersonal skills, including leadership and conflict resolution, to deal with interpersonal and team situations
  • Integrate public interest and global perspectives into projects, situation analysis and decision making

    Content:
  • Local Government Administration,
  • Municipal Finance,
  • Municipal Law,
  • Leadership In Local Government Organisations,
  • Ethics And Professionalism, And
  • Managing People in Local Government Organisations

    Similarities:
  • Both the Local Government Administration Certificate offered in Canada and South Africa's Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management are one-year qualifications.
  • Both qualifications are offered through distance learning, providing flexibility and accessibility for learners.
  • The qualifications compare favourably in terms of curriculum content, with both covering similar subject areas, including:
    Local Government Management
    Ethics and Professionalism
    Project Management
  • The similarities in duration, mode of delivery, and key modules indicate that the two qualifications are comparable in providing foundational knowledge and skills for careers in local government administration and management.

    Differences:
  • The Canada qualification consists of 15 credits, whereas the South Africa Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management carries a total of 120 credits.
  • The Canada qualification includes a combination of core and elective modules, allowing learners to select courses based on their interests and career needs. In contrast, the South African Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management is composed entirely of core modules, ensuring that all learners complete the same prescribed curriculum.
  • The Local Government Administration Certificate in Canada includes prerequisite requirements for certain modules. Conversely, the South Africa Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management does not include module-specific prerequisites within its curriculum structure.

    Country: United States of America
    Name of Institution: Western Kentucky University
    Name of Qualification: Certificate in Local Government Administration

    Purpose of Qualification:
    The Certificate in Local Government Administration helps develop the knowledge and skills needed to increase the effectiveness of local governments. Enhanced professionalism and efficiency play a central role in the ability of local government and its officials to address challenges within the communities. The Local Government Administration Certificate highlights the basics of local government administration, while also addressing emerging trends in areas like e-governance.

    Learning Outcomes:
  • Examine the various approaches and techniques for evaluating public qualifications
  • Provide a foundation and understanding of civic engagement and e-governance for future practitioners in public administration
  • Develop an understanding of different cultures and provide needed skills to administer policy and deliver services for the community that practitioners serve
  • Explore the importance of intersectoral relationships (between the public, non-profit, and for-profit sectors) to good public governance

    Content:
  • On Local Government Administration
  • Public Policy, Public Administration
  • Cross Sector Collaboration And
  • Conflict

    Similarities:
  • Both the Certificate in Local Government Administration offered by the United States of America and the South African Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management are one-year qualifications.
  • Both qualifications are offered through distance learning, providing flexible study opportunities for learners.
  • The two qualifications compare favourably in terms of their focus and curriculum stream, as both are designed to develop knowledge and skills related to local government administration, governance, and development management within their respective regional contexts.
  • Both qualifications aim to equip learners with competencies required for effective participation in the local government sector, emphasising areas such as:
    Local Government Administration
    Governance and Management
    Community and Development Management
    Public Service Delivery.

    Differences:
  • The Certificate in Local Government Administration offered by the United States of America(USA) adopts a global perspective on governance and public administration, reflecting international and United States local government practices. In contrast, the South African Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management is designed within a South African context, with specific emphasis on the legislative, policy, and governance frameworks applicable to South African local government.
  • The United States of America qualification incorporates elective modules, allowing learners to customise their studies according to their interests and career objectives. Conversely, the institution's Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management consists entirely of core modules, ensuring a standardised learning experience for all learners.
  • The inclusion of elective modules in the United States of America qualification provides greater flexibility and opportunities for specialisation. By comparison, the South Africa qualification follows a structured curriculum pathway with no elective options.

    Conclusion:
    In conclusion, the Higher Certificate in Local Government and Development Management demonstrates favourable comparability with international qualifications within the local government and development management field. The qualification was compared with programmes offered by two international institutions, with the analysis considering aspects such as qualification duration, credit structure, curriculum content, learning outcomes, and mode of delivery.

    The comparison identified both similarities and differences between the qualifications. Similarities were evident in the duration of study, the distance learning mode of delivery, and the focus on local government administration, governance, ethics, and development management. Differences were noted in areas such as credit weighting, the inclusion of elective modules, prerequisite requirements, and the regional focus of the curricula. 

  • ARTICULATION OPTIONS 
    Horizontal Articulation:
  • Higher Certificate in Local Government Management, NQF Level 5.

    Vertical Articulation:
  • Diploma in Public Management, NQF Level 6.
  • Bachelor of Public Administration, NQF Level 7.

    Diagonal Articulation:
  • Advanced Occupational Diploma: Senior Government Official, NQF Level 7. 

  • MODERATION OPTIONS 
    N/A 

    CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS 
    N/A 

    NOTES 
    This qualification replaces Qual ID 36083, which is the Certificate: Local Government and Development, Pre-2009 Level 5, 140 credits. 

    LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION: 
    When qualifications are replaced, some (but not all) of their learning programmes are moved to the replacement qualifications. If a learning programme appears to be missing from here, please check the replaced qualification.
     
    NONE 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    1. MANCOSA Pty (Ltd) 



    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.