All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.

SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

REGISTERED QUALIFICATION THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE:

Certificate: Management Principles

SAQA QUAL ID	QUALIFICATION TITLE
36115	Certificate: Management Principles
ORIGINATOR
Varsity College
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY			NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK
Was CHE until Last Date for Achievement			HEQSF - Higher Education Qualifications Sub-framework
QUALIFICATION TYPE	FIELD		SUBFIELD
National Certificate	Field 03 - Business, Commerce and Management Studies		Generic Management
ABET BAND	MINIMUM CREDITS	PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL	NQF LEVEL	QUAL CLASS
Undefined	140	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	Regular-Provider-ELOAC
REGISTRATION STATUS		SAQA DECISION NUMBER	REGISTRATION START DATE	REGISTRATION END DATE
Passed the End Date - Status was "Reregistered"		SAQA 2663/05	2006-07-01	2006-07-01
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT		LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2007-07-01		2010-07-01

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.

This qualification is replaced by:

Qual ID	Qualification Title	Pre-2009 NQF Level	NQF Level	Min Credits	Replacement Status
58672	Certificate: Management Principles	Level 5	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L5	140	Complete

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION

The purpose of this qualification will be to equip learners with foundational management skills to run a small organisation. Qualifying learners will have developed sound foundational skills in financial management, human resource management, business communication, marketing, legal and risk issues and computational applications. Learners acquiring the qualification will demonstrate competence at NQF 5 in the area of management and will learn towards a range of fundamental and core components leading to the qualification. Rationale for qualification Government, labour and business is committed to growing the small, micro and medium enterprise sector (SMME) in South Africa as part of a world-wide trend to grow the economy and create employment. In this respect, a major challenge facing South Africa is to address the management needs of the SMME sector. Whilst there is a plethora of short training programmes offered mainly by non-governmental organisations to start a small enterprise (usually of a survivalist nature), this has had little positive impact on wealth creation or creating employment. Government now recognizes that wealth and employment generation in the SMME sector is likely to be achieved by supporting and developing small businesses, particularly those operating in the formal economy. Research has found that one of the main reasons for the failure of small businesses is the dire lack of management skills to run such organisations. Whilst training programmes, extending from a few days to a few weeks, may assist learners with "how to start a business", they tend to lack sufficient detail or depth in terms of learning experiences to enable learners to sustain a small business in the formal economy. The Certificate in Management Principles is ideally designed to meet the needs of those learners who are involved in management in a small organisation or who wish to enter the field at NQF 5 level. It focuses on equipping learners with generic management skills to run a small organisation, particularly a small business. The qualification reflects the needs of the SMME sector both now and in the future. The generic nature of the curriculum enables the learner to explore entrepreneurial and employment opportunities in a wide range of sectors of the economy and wider civil society. It prepares learners for multiple job roles and careers, organisational requirements and computational imperatives at an entry level.

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING

It is assumed that learners have English and communication skills at one level below that required for the fundamental components of the qualification. Recognition of prior learning(RPL) The structure of the qualification makes provision for the recognition of prior learning if the learner is able to provide evidence of competence in the knowledge, skills and abilities implicit in the exit-level outcomes and associated assessment criteria. The College has developed structured means for the recognition of prior learning against exit-level outcomes and associated assessment criteria of the qualification on an individual case-by-case basis. Such procedures, and the evaluation of individual cases, are subject to moderation by independent assessors. Generally, the recognition of prior learning allows for the gaining of credits for particular modules leading towards the award of the qualification. Recognition of prior learning will be achieved through the evaluation of a portfolio of evidence and an interview with the applicant through the RPL process as articulated by the College in the context of the relevant legislation and requirements of the Higher Education Quality Committee.

RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING?

Y

QUALIFICATION RULES

N/A

EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES

Exit-level outcomes related to fundamental learning Qualifying learners can: 1. Engage in sustained oral communication and evaluate spoken texts 2. Read, analyse and respond critically to a variety of texts produced for a range of purposes, audiences and contexts 3. Write for a wide range of contexts 4. Use language and communication in occupational learning programmes Exit-level outcomes related to core learning Qualifying learners can: 1. Demonstrate a basic understanding of the economy and economic problems 2. Understand the concepts of supply, demand and prices 3. Measure South Africa`s economic performance 4. Understand the financial sector 5. Discuss fiscal and monetary policy 6. Evaluate the performance of the South African economy using criteria such as the gross domestic product, unemployment and inflation 7. Assess the various strategies for entering the business world as an entrepreneur 8. Conceptualise the business enterprise as a need-satisfying institution 9. Introduce and maintain a basic accounting system so that information is communicated to the owners, managers and investors in an enterprise in such a way that they can base their decisions on this information 10. Demonstrate an understanding of the most important aspects of commercial law as they affect the small and medium enterprise 11. Identify the risks facing the small and medium enterprise 12. Apply basic quantitative techniques that can aid them in the management of an enterprise 13. Demonstrate an understanding of human behaviour in the workplace 14. Demonstrate an appreciation of the differences between cultural groups and the problems of trans-cultural communication 15. Act ethically towards customers, employees and society 16. Demonstrate the fundamental principles of business calculations 17. Demonstrate the rules for approximation 18. Apply equations 19. Demonstrate measures of central position and dispersion 20. Show how profit and loss is calculated 21. Demonstrate the mathematics of finance 22. Show the calculations for value added tax 23. Demonstrate the ability to compile a budget 24. Display an understanding of the function and purpose of shares and the JSE 25. Display the ability to manage and co-ordinate personal financial issues 26. Show a good understanding of the different career options available in the financial sector 27. Explain comprehensively the concept of human resource management 28. Conduct a job analysis 29. Apply motivational theory to the human resource management paradigm 30. Develop a workforce plan 31. Recruit, select and induct job candidates on behalf of their organisation 32. Ensure the continued effectiveness of an organisation`s human resources 33. Design a compensation structure that would provide fair compensation 34. Design a compensation package that provides benefits to meet the individual needs of employees 35. Discuss the vision of a national training strategy which integrates education and training 36. Conduct training 37. Conduct career development activities for the organisation 38. Understand industrial relations and the employment contract 39. Communicate effectively in the business context 40. Plan the communication message 41. Analyse the written, verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication 42. Communicate in an informal and formal manner 43. Manage group dynamics 44. Compile a variety of written messages 45. Communicate effectively using graphic communication 46. Plan/prepare and deliver a business presentation 47. Answer and use a telephone effectively 48. Conduct an interview 49. Transmit messages for mass communication purposes 50. Start a small business 51. Manage a small business professionally 52. Develop and prepare a business plan 53. Devise/develop a mission statement 54. Construct an executive summary for a business plan 55. Conduct an environmental audit - SWOT analysis 56. Develop strategic objectives and formulate strategies 57. Deliver a business presentation 58. Perform the basic Windows functions needed for personal and corporate use 59. Demonstrate the ability to construct a professional document for personal use as well as for the business environment 60. Develop the necessary skills to create and format a formula driven spreadsheet 61. Construct and deliver a well structured presentation to the specific parties involved in a project 62. Demonstrate the ability to browse the internet and display proficiency in MS-Outlook. Perform all the basic tasks expected from an employee in most fields 63. Outline the basic components of marketing and the marketing process 64. Differentiate between different products and components of different products 65. Develop an intermediary distribution plan 66. Conduct a pricing analysis 67. Develop a product and market communication programme 68. Analyse and identify different forms of advertising 69. Compile a basic personal selling plan 70. Develop a consumer sales promotion programme 71. Implement basic public relations tools 72. Analyse the consumer decision-making process and the different levels of acceptance of new products 73. Analyse the target market of a particular market 74. Conduct basic market research

ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Associated assessment criteria for fundamental learning Competence is evident when learners are able to: 1. Show a clear understanding of complex issues under discussion in one-on-one or group situations Manage discussions and/or conflicts sensitively Identify and challenge the underlying assumptions, points of view and subtexts in spoken texts when appropriate, and clarify understanding or sustain interaction Analyse and adjust one`s responses to spoken texts in relation to audience, purpose and context accordingly Identify characteristics of a speaker`s style, tone and mannerisms that attract or alienate an audience with reference to the particular effect of each feature in creating audience response Describe, explain and judge the impact of spoken discourse 2. Adopt reading strategies appropriate to the purpose Draw conclusions from a synthesis of information from texts and make generalizations of patterns and trends about purpose and audience Understand surface and embedded meanings in the text and present a viewpoint Identify and explain the effect of an author`s values and views on selected texts in terms of the impact on meaning and target audience Cite evidence from texts in defence of a position Explore the effects of content, language and style on readers` responses in specific texts Identify and explain the impact of different writing techniques on reader perspective in terms of the particular effect produced by each Analyse the influence of specific language structures and features 3. Write imaginative texts that are convincing and appropriate to the topic and purpose Write expository texts that are well developed with respect to clearly articulated purposes, using fully developed paragraphs and resulting in a unified text Choose the narrative voice appropriate to context, purpose and audience Sequence points in an argument logically and deliberately to build up to a convincing conclusion Check text for coherence, logical sequence and structure; identify and adjust weaknesses and errors to improve coherence and flow Rearrange information in ways that promote interest in, and impact of, the text for a defined target audience > Check layout, spelling, punctuation and syntax for accuracy and readability Check the whole, completed text against the purposes for writing to verify that these purposes have been satisfied 4. Identify relevant learning resources Utilise and manage learning resources through appropriate selection and cross-referencing of information and acknowledgement of sources Formulate learning strategies by selection of specific tried techniques Summarise and use information in the learning process Synthesize and contextualise answers pertaining to relevant questions Read, interpret, analyse and synthesize texts for detail in a given context Communicate with others in groups or as individuals Organise and use occupational learning materials for optimum learning Understand and use layout, presentation and organisational features of learning materials effectively Engage with and, if needed, clarify technical language Conduct basic research, and analyse and present findings Identify and define appropriate topic and scope Plan and sequence research steps appropriately Apply research techniques Categorise, classify and sort information Analyse research findings in the appropriate format Make conclusions and recommendations Lead and participate actively in group learning situations Apply responsibilities in the team and group work conventions in learning situations Practise conflict management and negotiating techniques Work in a team to achieve meaningful products, outcomes and goals Describe and discuss features of the occupational environment Describe and discuss ways in which these features affect learning processes Associated assessment criteria for core learning Competence is evident when learners are able to: 1. identify factors of production and opportunity cost illustrate the market economy model and realise that the model has limitations 2. define market supply, demand, law of demand, law of supply and market equilibrium use a supply schedule to illustrate a supply curve and know the factors that cause a shift in the supply curve and in what direction the shift will be demonstrate how prices are determined through an interaction between supply and demand show the impact that shifts in demand and supply have on equilibrium price and quantity 3. distinguish between micro- and macroeconomics understand the importance of national accounts explain the difference between real and nominal values identify the components of total expenditure and their relative weight for South Africa identify the shortcomings of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of economic activity 4. identify the supply of money in South Africa use the equation of exchange illustrate the financial system explain the function of the South African Reserve Bank 5. discuss market failures, the functions of the government and the sources of government revenue distinguish between VAT, personal income tax and company tax describe the characteristics of a good tax system 6. explain the concept of economic growth, understand the factors that determine economic growth and understand the distinction between economic growth and development define unemployment and explain how it is measured discuss unemployment rates discuss the various causes of unemployment define inflation and discuss the measures discuss the causes and effects of inflation 7. assess the various strategies for entering the business world as an entrepreneur discuss the concept "entrepreneurship" discuss the role of the entrepreneur and his business in the community explain how the entrepreneur and his business apply available resources to satisfy peoples` needs explain the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium enterprises and of entering the business world as an entrepreneur discuss the sources of ideas for entrepreneurship and the resources needed to start their own business evaluate the various ways of starting their own business, namely buying an existing business, franchising or starting a new business evaluate the various forms of legal ownership of a business outline the steps in conducting a feasibility study into starting a new business or acquiring an existing business or franchise 8. discuss the general management tasks of planning, organising, leading and control discuss the role and function of each of the functional management areas, namely marketing management, financial management, production management, purchasing management and human resource management 9. record transactions in the books of an enterprise post these transactions to the general ledger draw up an income statement and balance sheet to report on the financial result and financial position of the enterprise draw up a budget and evaluate previous budgets explain the various control measures in accounting 10. discuss the law of contract with reference to contracts of sale, contracts of lease, contracts of insurance, credit agreements, the law of agency and contracting on behalf of an enterprise discuss the obligations of employers and employees in the work environment explain the various paying instruments and their legal implications explain how taxation affects the small and medium enterprise outline the dispute resolution processes available to employers and employees 11. distinguish between pure risk and financial risk evaluate the risk in a given context formulate a strategy for dealing with the various types of risk 12. perform all the basic numeric operations calculate percentages draw and interpret simple graphs perform break?even analysis calculate linear depreciation formulate a linear planning model, represent it graphically and calculate optimum solutions apply decision theory 13. discuss individual differences and interpersonal relations in the workplace explain the factors that contribute to organisational effectiveness, including group dynamics and how leaders motivate people to work together give an outline of how a manager should deal with problem cases give guidelines for improving personal productivity outline the steps in planned change in an enterprise 14. explain the basic communication model discuss cultural norms, rights and values discuss trans-cultural communication problems and how to overcome them by building a strong corporate culture 15. discuss the core values of a strong organisational culture discuss the different approaches to the solution of moral problems 16. explain what the BODMAS rule is apply the rule to various mathematical calculations apply the four most basic laws of operation as well as their derivative laws understand the fundamental characteristics of inequalities define amounts and equations in terms of "greater than" or "less than" 17. apply the basic rules when attempting approximation round numbers off to the nearest decimal required 18. know what an equation is and how to recognise and define one substitute values in equations and solve them 19. identify the difference between concepts such as `average`, `median` and `mode` calculate averages utilising the information provided define dispersion as a concept apply the theory to equations 20. calculate the total income or total expenses for specified periods of time understand the difference between a company running at a loss or making a profit able to calculate profit and loss figures 21. define the concept "percentage" convert figures into percentages calculate simple interest explain the principles upon which financial institutions operate with regards to percentages and interest calculate interest payable and interest earned on basic financial transactions calculate trade discount and settlement discount 22. know what value added tax (VAT) is calculate the value added tax on amounts inclusive and exclusive of value added tax 23. identify the concepts of budget and budget control list the functions and aims of budget control discuss the advantages and disadvantages of budgets and budget control name the important aspects of preparing budgets distinguish between the different types of budgets discuss the important aspects of budgeting, including the human factor, the budget period, budget personnel and budget factors explain zero-based budget 24. define shares and the JSE discuss what makes shares increase and decrease in value analyse a company and the market explain what unit trusts are 25. work out a personal budget keep personal records identify what different accounts a bank offers: savings, current, transmission explain how to apply for credit distinguish between life insurance, investments and health insurance schemes explain short-term insurance, household goods insurance, all risk insurance and personal liability insurance list important notes to remember when buying a motor vehicle, renting or furnishing their home 26. name career options available in the finance sector 27. define human resource management and its related activities by drawing a model of human resource management 28. apply the 8-step job analysis process to the organisational context systematically investigate the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job 29. utilise Maslow`s, Hertzberg`s and McGregor`s theories to explain an organisation`s success/failure in the competitive environment 30. ensure that the organisation has the correct employees to meet their needs apply the workforce planning process to the development of a workforce plan 31. attract a pool of job candidates who meet the organisation`s needs in terms of skills and qualifications by following a 9-step recruitment process identify candidates who possess the necessary skills, abilities and personality to fit into the organisation`s culture by applying a 5-step selection process introduce and orientate new employees to the organisation using the induction process 32. manage performance and give feedback on performance by applying a 4-step performance management process 33. identify the 3 factors that determine levels of compensation using job evaluation and compensation surveys follow the 2 steps in designing a fair compensation structure 34. identify mandatory benefits as controlled by legislation as well as voluntary benefits that the organisation should include in the condition of service 35. utilise the various acts and legislation in South Africa which provide for the development and implementation of a human resource system with an integrated approach to education and training 36. determine training needs by utilising a 4-phase training process identify training methods develop a training programme implement a training process evaluate the training process 37. identify the elements that need to be in place for people to be in a career as opposed to a job align individual career planning and organisation career management embark on activities for career planning in order to ensure alignment and an optimal match that would meet individual and organisational needs 38. apply the various acts that govern the labour relationship and industrial relations in the South African context 39. apply the basic communication model to explain the business communication process 40. utilize the key elements of planning the communication message in order to effectively communicate with an audience 41. identify key indicators of non-verbal communication apply concepts of kinesics, proxemics and paralanguage to analyse communication 42. analyse organisational communications and differentiate between informal and formal organisational messages 43. apply group theory to manage group development, group communication, group conflict and leadership 44. write letters, notices, circulars, memoranda, reports, notices of meetings, agendas, facsimile transmissions, e-mails and curriculum vitae 45. utilise devices such as tables, graphs, charts and pictograms to explain or amplify messages 46. identify the 3 parts of a good presentation utilise various audio-visual aids to enhance a business presentation 47. utilise telephone techniques to optimize the usage of a telephone in business communications 48. apply interview techniques to effectively communicate in the business context 49. utilise the power of mass media to reach audiences quickly, efficiently and effectively utilise technology to communicate messages to large audiences 50. analyse environment for entrepreneurial opportunity choose an organisational form to suit their business 51. identify and develop objectives for the small business utilise the 4 major management activities to achieve these objectives 52. identify the components of a written business plan state the vision of the plan in the strategic context 53. describe the nature and role of mission statements in business strategy identify the components of a mission statement 54. identify the structure of the executive summary write an executive summary for the stakeholders in the organisation 55. gather data from the internal and external business environments analyse the data from these situation analyses draw conclusions and make recommendations from the audit 56. identify strategic objectives that management can consider for the business use the Grand Strategy Matrix to select strategies for their organisation 57. speak and present effectively in a business context utilise the 7 prerequisites for effective presentations utilise the 3 components of presentation style 58. start and logon to Windows understand the Windows 98 screen use the mouse use the keyboard 59. use menus and toolbars create a new document use the keyboard and mouse functions use text formatting save, close and open a document format characters preview and print a document 60. create a new workbook open and save a workbook navigate a worksheet enter labels and values in a worksheet calculate value totals enter formulas format fonts 61. create a new presentation open, save and view a presentation navigate a presentation insert slides and text promote and demote paragraphs deliver a presentation use slide transition, animation, text and objects 62. display a specific web page browse and search the web add a web page to favourites change your home page compose, send and receive e-mail add a name to the address book reply, forward and delete a message 63. apply understanding of marketing principles by supplying and discussing examples of the marketing process in action 64. explain products and services classify business and consumer products identify the importance of branding, packaging and labelling 65. describe the differences between intensive, selective and exclusive distribution discuss the nature of the service that is delivered by intermediaries describe the importance of intermediaries in the distribution plan 66. discuss the importance of pricing in the marketing mix discuss the 4 basic pricing structures list and describe the internal and external factors affecting pricing identify various forms of discount 67. identify the different forms of communication outline the communication process identify the different marketing communications tools describe the importance of communication to the organisation 68. identify various advertising objectives discuss the AIDA model and its components distinguish between copy, visualization and layout and supply examples of each element 69. discuss the objectives of personal selling discuss personal selling as a marketing communications tool identify and describe the various steps in the personal selling process 70. discuss sales promotion and provide examples distinguish between business and consumer promotion tools identify and discuss the steps in developing and implementing a sales promotion programme identify and describe at least 6 consumer promotion tools 71. discuss the concept of public relations discuss the various functions of public relations discuss the various public relations techniques discuss the objectives of public relations 72. distinguish between the 2 groups of the marketing environment discuss the demographics of the South African market describe the consumer decision-making process differentiate between the different levels of acceptors of a new product 73. differentiate between different market types discuss the different approaches to market segmentation describe the market segmentation process identify the benefits of market segmentation identify the limitations of segmentation 74. discuss the benefits of the marketing information system discuss the steps in the research process differentiate between different types of data Integrated assessment An integrated approach to assessment is adopted to ensure that the qualification is open, transparent, fair, valid and reliable. In this respect, both summative and formative assessment processes are accounted for. Integrated assessment provides the learner with an opportunity to display an ability to integrate practical performance, actions, concepts and theory across exit-level outcomes to achieve competence in relation to the purpose of this qualification. The competence that the learner is required to demonstrate is clearly articulated in the associated assessment criteria of the qualification. The learner must achieve all exit-level outcomes for the award of the qualification.

INTERNATIONAL COMPARABILITY

The exit-level outcomes and associated assessment criteria of the qualification have been benchmarked against similar qualifications from the following countries: New Zealand, Australia and Scotland.

ARTICULATION OPTIONS

The qualification articulates vertically with a Bachelor of Commerce, Bachelor of Accounting Science and Bachelor of Business Administration Degree and may grant the learner exemption from the first year of study in full or part of such qualifications, depending on learning offerings and regulations of individual institutions. On successful completion of the qualification, the learner will receive credits for 2 modules of the BCom, BCompt or BBA degree: Introduction to the Economic and Management Environment (INM101-3 and INM102-4) from UNISA. Articulation is also possible both vertically and horizontally with other fields of study and may enable the learner to apply for exemption from common learning offerings or modules which have been successfully completed in the qualification. On completion of this qualification, learners may be able to pursue a career at entry-level in, though not limited to: Entrepreneurship Small business management Office management Marketing and sales Financial administration

MODERATION OPTIONS

Moderation includes both internal and external moderation of learner assessments at exit points in the qualification. Whilst the College accepts responsibility for moderation of assessments both internal and external, it will be guided by criteria and standards outlined by the Higher Education Quality Committee in the Programme Accreditation Framework documentation. The policies and procedures for moderation of assessments are detailed in the relevant handbooks of the College. Anyone assessing learners must have formal qualifications one level higher than the qualification being offered. External moderators must have at least an Honours level qualification or related qualification in the field of study and have assessed the qualification or similar qualification for a period of at least 5 years.

CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS

N/A

REREGISTRATION HISTORY

As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this qualification was Reregistered in 2006.

NOTES

This qualification has been replaced by 58672 "Certificate: Management Principles", Level 5, 140 credits. .

LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION:

When qualifications are replaced, some of their learning programmes are moved to being recorded against the replacement qualifications. If a learning programme appears to be missing from here, please check the replacement.

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PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION:

This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.

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All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.