SAQA

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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY

REGISTERED QUALIFICATION THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE:

Bachelor of Technology: Radiography

SAQA QUAL ID	QUALIFICATION TITLE
16645	Bachelor of Technology: Radiography
ORIGINATOR
Committee of Technikon Principals
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY			NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK
CHE - Council on Higher Education			HEQSF - Higher Education Qualifications Sub-framework
QUALIFICATION TYPE	FIELD		SUBFIELD
B Tech	Field 09 - Health Sciences and Social Services		Preventive Health
ABET BAND	MINIMUM CREDITS	PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL	NQF LEVEL	QUAL CLASS
Undefined	480	Level 7	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L7	Regular-Provider-ELOAC
REGISTRATION STATUS		SAQA DECISION NUMBER	REGISTRATION START DATE	REGISTRATION END DATE
Passed the End Date - Status was "Registered"		SAQA 1536/01	2003-07-01	2006-06-30
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT		LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2007-06-30		2012-06-30

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.

This qualification is replaced by:

Qual ID	Qualification Title	Pre-2009 NQF Level	NQF Level	Min Credits	Replacement Status
79187	Bachelor of Technology: Radiography	Level 7	Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L7	480	Complete
101942	Bachelor of Technology in Radiography: Therapy	Not Applicable	Level N/A: Pre-2009 was L7	120	Complete
101961	Bachelor of Technology in Radiography: Diagnostic	Not Applicable	Level N/A: Pre-2009 was L7	120	Complete

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION

A person achieving this qualification will be competent to analyse, integrate and apply scientific, theoretical and clinical knowledge to perform advanced and specialised technical procedures, management, research and problem-solving to work independently and in a supervisory capacity within a specified learning area/option

Learning option:
Diagnostic
Nuclear Medicine
Radiation Oncology
Ultrasound

Learning Area:
Department/Environmental Management
Human Resource Management
Teaching skills
Advanced imaging techniques and Quality Assurance
A rational approach to Diagnostic/Nuclear Medicine/Ultrasound Imaging
Rational approach to Radiation Oncology
Self-development

LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING

First degree: Diagnostic Radiography, Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Oncology, Ultrasound or equivalent.

RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING?

QUALIFICATION RULES

The qualification will be awarded to a learner who has provided evidence that the stated competence of the qualification, as detailed in the specified outcomes, has been achieved, either through education and training in a single provider's learning programme or through experience that complies with the stated specified outcomes.

EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY
One
1. Apply scientific knowledge and technologies, applicable to the clinical presentation, for the production of optimum image quality in a chosen elective
* Utilise specialised knowledge and skills in the application of advanced radiographic procedures for optimal diagnosis/management of patients (10 credits)
* Integrate knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology and pathology as applicable to practice (5 credits)
* Utilise specialised knowledge and skills in the operation of advanced radiographic equipment for optimal diagnosis/management of the patient (10 credits)
* Assess image quality (5 credits)
* Assess the image for pattern recognition (10 credits)

Two
1. Able to plan, develop and apply total quality management with consideration for equipment, human resources, quality assurance and health care needs
* Manage all the procedures and patient care (4 credits)
* Manage quality assurance in all aspects of the radiographic service (10 credits)
* Participate in developments in medical imaging with ability to plan and commission new imaging facilities (10 credits)

Three
1. Able to manage a radiographic service
* Operate effectively within the health team (6 credits)
* Manage and administer human resources (6 credits)
* Manage and administer financial and technical resources (6 credits)
* Manage and administer an appropriate strategic plan (6 credits)

Four
1. Apply research skills and principles
* Apply research principles in order to solve problems and/or develop strategies for the improvement of practice (4 credits)
* Evaluate an appropriate research publication (4 credits)
* Assimilate applicable scientific literature (5 credits)
* Apply research skills and participate in research projects to develop new concepts in radiographic practice (5 credits)
* Apply research principles and skills in the acquisition of data for presentations and publications to promote professional development (4 credits)
* Adhere to ethical principles (2 credits)

Five
1. Apply advanced ethical principles to daily practice
* Apply advanced ethics in health care systems (8 credits)

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
One
1. Apply scientific skills and technologies to the clinical presentation for the production of optimum image quality in the specialised fields and research units of Nuclear Medicine
* Analyse the techniques pertinent to DSPECT and PET imaging (co-incidence imaging) (5 credits)
* Utilises complex imaging systems appropriate to SPECT and PET (5 credits)
* Assess image quality (5 credits)
* Evaluate imaging equipment applicable to the SPECT and PET (5 credits)
* Critically evaluate final images (5 credits)
* Apply knowledge and understanding of radio-nuclide production (5 credits)

Two
1. Apply research principles and skills and develop a research climate in nuclear medicine
* Analyse a case study applicable to a Nuclear Medicine department (6 credits)
* Evaluate an appropriate research publication (6 credits)
* Assimilate applicable scientific literature (6 credits)
* Participate in research projects to develop new concepts and patient management (6 credits)
* Apply research principles and skills in the acquisition of data to produce (projects/reports, presentations and publications based on scientific facts in order to promote professional development (6 credits)

Three
1. Assess specified nuclear Medicine images for technical quality and interpretation of results
* Manage all the patient care procedures linked to relevant modalities (15 credits)
* Manage quality assurance in all aspects of the Nuclear Medicine facility (15 credits)

Four
1. Able to plan, develop and manage a nuclear medicine department as well as apply strategic management and administration to ensure a quality Nuclear Medicine service
* Operate effectively within the medical team (5 credits)
* Manage and administer human resources (10 credits)
* Manage and administer financial and technical resources (5 credits)
*Manage and administer a strategic plan appropriate to Nuclear Medicine service (10 credits)

RADIATION ONCOLOGY
One
1. Apply specialised academic knowledge and technical skills applicable to various therapeutic techniques of optimal radiation treatment in a chosen elective
* Synthesise different immobilisation aids to obtain accurate positioning for specialised therapeutic procedures (4 credits)
* Apply scientific knowledge and techniques to plan specialized treatment (5 credits)
* Apply knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology and pathology as applicable to the elective fields (5 credits)
* Apply complex imaging and therapeutic systems appropriate to the specialised fields (5 credits)
* Access therapeutic techniques in specialised fields (7 credits)
* Apply pattern recognition to the management, treatment and care of the patient (10 credits)

Two
1. Functions in the oncology team in the development and review of protocols/clinical trials in order to maintain standards of management of oncology patients and control of the holistic radiation oncology care of the patient in order to offer an optimal service
* Develop quality assurance policy according to internationally acceptable standards (9 credits)
* Implement Quality Assurance programmes for optimal radiotherapy service (9 credits)
* Manage all the procedures and patient care (15 credits)

Three
1. Apply management skills in a supervisory capacity of a radiotherapy division
* Formulate departmental policy according to the needs of the institution and the clients (8 credits)
* Compile and manage departmental budget according to needs and available financial resources (6 credits)
* Develop and maintain human resource programmes within a section of a radiotherapy service (ensure continuous professional development) (8 credits)
* Administer control for optimal radiation oncology service in the institution (8 credits)

Four
1. Implements research principles and promote a research climate
* Implement and develop applicable research (21 credits)

ULTRASOUND
One
1. Integrate scientific skills and technologies for sonographic protocols in the specific elective
* Analyse the techniques pertinent to sonographic protocols (15 credits)
* Assess sonographic image quality (10 credits)
* Identify and evaluate merits for sonographic equipment as it pertains to application (10 credits)

Two
2. Understand, analyse and adapt current developments in ultrasound imaging for the implementation and management of protocols
* Utilise specialised knowledge and skills in the application of advanced sonographic procedures for optimal management of patient (10 credits)
* Develop and apply a quality assurance programme to all aspects of the sonographic service (10 credits)

Three
3. Plan, develop and manage an ultrasound department with consideration for human resources, equipment, quality assurance and patient requirements
* Manage and administer human resources (10 credits)
* Manage and administer financial and technical resources (5 credits)
* Develop and implement a strategic plan for continuous and optimal functioning of the department (10 credits)
* Operate effectively within the health care team (5 credits)

Four
4. Apply research principles for the development of a research climate and publications
* Apply research principles to solve problems and develop strategies for the improvement of service delivery (10 credits)
* Evaluate an appropriate research publication (5 credits)
* Assimilate applicable scientific literature (5 credits)
* Conduct a pilot study (15credits)

CRITICAL OUTCOMES embedded in the specified outcomes:
* Identifying and solving of problems in which the responses display that responsible decision, using creative and critical thinking, have been made in the health care environment
* Information literacy that includes the resourcing, organising and critical evaluation of data/information with particular emphasis on health issues
* Working effectively with others in the health care team and education environment
* Evaluating and implementing strategies for effective learning
* Responsible management of self
* Communicating effectively in a variety of context
* Use of advanced science and technology in the health care environment
* Appreciation of national and international affairs that impact on health matters

ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY
One
1. The principles, concepts and application of the techniques are known and applied
* The merits of each technique can be evaluated
* Knowledge and integration of the different advanced techniques are demonstrated

2. Knowledge and application of anatomy, physiology and pathology are integrated and applied to appreciate the relevance of the technique

3. Imaging systems are correctly assessed and selected
* Imaging systems and accessories are chosen upon scientific grounds

4. Critical judgement and assessment are exercised with reference to preventive maintenance and quality assurance of imaging systems
* The ability is demonstrated to produce quality images for the diagnosis/management of the patient
* Images are evaluated for diagnostic value. Discretion and judgement are exercised in maintaining image quality
* Problem-solving skills are demonstrated in rectifying errors

5. The radiographic image is evaluated for technical quality
* Normal and abnormal appearances are accurately recognised
* Information relative to radiological diagnosis and/or patient management is provided

Two
1. Knowledge and concepts of all procedures are understood and demonstrated in keeping with radiation protection guidelines and regulations
* Communication and co-operation between all role-players are effectively maintained
* Effective decisions are made to ensure a quality radiographic service

2. Principles of quality assurance are developed, implemented and successfully maintained
* The elements required to control quality are identified and successfully managed
* Equipment and procedures are continuously monitored and problem-solving skills are incorporated into decision-making
* The functions of the quality assurance personnel are monitored and continuously evaluated

3. Design/plan extensions of new imaging department based on integrated knowledge of technology and legislation
* Purchase, use and maintain radiographic equipment within the available budget
* The merits of the equipment can be critically discussed
* Knowledge of the factors, which impact, on quality control and assurance, is demonstrated
* Develop, implement and maintain quality assurance programmes
* Cost effectiveness of the equipment is accurately calculated
* Management skills to implement services are applied
* Knowledge, insight, critical thinking and communication skills to participate in regional, national, medical and public health planning are displayed
* Entrepreneurial concepts are understood and the skills are demonstrated

Three
1. Time management is optimally practised
* Conflict resolution skills are demonstrated
* Cultural diversity is recognised
* Based on the theoretical knowledge of current trends in educational strategies, select appropriate learning strategies in radiography education
* Learning environment of students and other practitioners is managed and supervised

2. Performance management systems are evaluated
* Performance management is managed, monitored and remedied as applicable
* Human resource management is understood. CPD programme is developed
* Regulations and guidelines, as they apply to the work environment, are maintained and monitored
* Verbal and non-verbal skills appropriate to the situation are demonstrated
* Recruit, train, develop and manage personnel within the current legislation
* Orientation programmes are implemented for all newly appointed personnel

3. Stock control is accounted for and monitored
* Departmental statistics and records are accurately kept and maintained
* Equipment is accounted for and maintained
* Financial statements and budgets are generated and monitored for effective operation of the department
* Analyse and improve cost containment

4. A situational analysis is done and a strategic plan compiled
* The strategic plan is administered and managed according to identified criteria
* The strategic plan is reviewed

Four
1. Problems are identified and defined
* Appropriate data is retrieved and analysed
* Alternative ideas are explored
* Appropriate solution(s) are identified and motivated
* Implementation plan is presented

2. Current terminology is understood
* Appropriateness of the research is evaluated
* Research publication is analysed
* Research publication is critically interpreted
* Interpretations and the implications are presented

3. Current relevant scientific literature is utilised
* Appropriate literature is evaluated
* Latest techniques and technology are assimilated and appropriately applied within the radiographic context

4. Research proposals include both quantitative and qualitative approaches
* Research tools are used
* Research topic is relevant to practice
* Literature review is comprehensive and concise
* Appropriate research methodology is applied
* Data and conclusions are interpreted and effectively presented.

5. An account of a study, the solution of a problem or the outcome of an experiment, is presented
* The projects/reports are well structured
* Ethical policies and procedures are investigated
* Ethical policies and procedures are applied

Five
1. Knowledge of ethical/medico-legal issues in planning, management, teaching and research in health care systems

NUCLEAR MEDICINE:

One
1. The principles, concepts and application of the techniques are known and applied
* The merits of each technique can be evaluated
* Plan and develop protocols for each nuclear medicine investigation
* Apply knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology and pathology as applicable to DSPECT and PET and cross sectional anatomy

2. Imaging system is correctly selected
* The choice of imaging systems and accessories are founded upon scientific grounds
* Knowledge and understanding of imaging systems selected are demonstrated
* Critical judgement and assessments are exercised with reference to preventative maintenance and quality assurance

3. Images are evaluated for diagnostic value
* Discretion and judgement are exercised in upholding image quality
* Responsibility is assumed and steps to rectify errors arising within imaging systems are taken

4. The merits of the equipment can be critically discussed
* The factors that impact on quality control and assurance are known
* Cost effectiveness of the equipment can be calculated
* Management principles and practices for the optimum use of all equipment in a nuclear medicine department are applied

5. Final data manipulation is done properly and understood
* Normal and abnormal appearances have been accurately recognised
* Information relative to final image presentations or patient management is provided

6. Imaging radio-pharmaceuticals are correctly selected
* Knowledge and understanding of radio-pharmaceuticals selected and demonstrated
* Merits of each radio-nuclide can be evaluated

Two
1. Problems are identified
* Appropriate data is analysed
* Cause and effect are analysed
* Problems are defined
* Alternative ideas are listed and explained
* Implementation plan is presented

2. Current terminology is understood
* Appropriateness of the research is evaluated
* Research publication is accurately analysed
* Research publication is critically interpreted
* Interpretations and the implications thereof are effectively presented

3. Remain current with relevant scientific literature and resources
* Appropriate literature is evaluated
* Latest techniques and technology are assimilated and appropriately applied within the Nuclear Medicine context

4. Research proposal and design are quantitative and qualitative
* Research tools are effectively applied
* Research planning is effective
* Problem statement is relevant
* Literature review is comprehensive and concise
* Appropriate research methodology is applied
* Data and conclusions are presented and effectively interpreted

5. The projects/reports are well structured
* A convincing account of a study or the resolution of a problem or the outcome of an experiment is presented
* Participation in departmental research projects is undertaken under the supervision of the researcher

Three
1. The knowledge and concepts of all procedures are known and understood in keeping with radiation protection guidelines and regulations
* Communication and co-operation between all role-players is effectively maintained
* Effective short and long term decisions regarding patient management are made
* Effective short and long term judgements and decisions are made to ensure a quality radiographic service

2. Principles of quality assurance are implemented and successfully maintained
* The elements required to control quality are identified and successfully managed
* Equipment, radio-nuclides and procedures are continuously monitored and problem-solving skills are incorporated
* The functions of the quality control team are monitored and continuously evaluated

Four
1. Time management is optimally practiced
* Conflict between role-players is positively resolved
* Cultural diversity is understood and supported
* Liaison between all role-players is maintained
* Students and other practitioners are supervised and educated/taught as required
* A good work ethos is encouraged and monitored

2. An approved performance management system is implemented
* Performance management is management, monitored and remedied as applicable
* Support goals and objectives for human resources management
* Knowledge and skills are enhanced through a continuing development programme
* Regulations and guidelines as they apply to the work environment, are upheld and monitored
* Verbal and non-verbal skills are demonstrated, appropriate to the situation
* Familiarity with orientation programmes for newly appointed personnel is shown

3. Stock is accounted for and monitored
* Departmental statistics and records are accurately kept and maintained for strategic planning purposes
* All relevant equipment is accounted for and maintained
* Financial statements and budgets are generated for the department

4. A situational analysis is done and a strategic plan compiled
* The strategic plan is implemented

RADIATION ONCOLOGY

One
1. The principles, concepts and application of the different immobilisation and localisation aids are known and understood
* Immobilisation aids are effectively produced
* The merits of each immobilisation technique can be evaluated

2. The principles, concepts and application of the techniques are known and understood
* The merits of each can be evaluated

3. Knowledge, understanding and application of anatomy, physiology and pathology are synthesized to appreciate the relevance of the technique

4. The choice of imaging and therapeutic systems and accessories are founded upon scientific grounds
* Knowledge and understanding of equipment selected, are demonstrated

5. Treatment techniques are evaluated for therapeutic value
* Contribute knowledge and skills in the contribution to the development/design of radiation treatment protocols related to the specialised field

6. Normal and abnormal appearances have been accurately recognised
* Pattern recognition is technically applied and understood

Two
1. Knowledge and understanding of standards and radiation laws are demonstrated

2. Quality Assurance programmes are effectively implemented
* Current quality assurance programmes reviewed and improved
* The functions of the quality control team are monitored and continuously evaluated

3. The knowledge and concepts of all procedures are known and understood in keeping with radiation protection guidelines and regulations
* Communication and co-operation between patients and stakeholders is effectively maintained
* Effective short and long term decision regarding patient management are made
* Effective short and long term judgement and decisions are made to ensure a quality radiographic service

Three
1. Policy development, reviewed and implemented
* Organisational procedures are developed and implemented
* Inputs for strategic planning are submitted

2. Knowledge and understanding of basic financial principles demonstrated
* A departmental budget is constructed

3. Personnel recruitment is understood
* Familiarity with orientation programmes for newly appointed personnel is shown
* Performance appraisal system and remedial action procedure known
* Have a personal plan for professional continuing education
* Conflict is positively resolved
* Cultural diversity is appreciated
* A code of work ethics is adhered to
* Regulations and protocols as they apply to the work environment are adhered to
* Appropriate verbal and non-verbal skills are demonstrated

4. The service is evaluated against the requirement of the community
* Stock is accounted for and regularly monitored
* Departmental statistic and records are accurately kept and maintained
* A strategic plan is drawn up
* A system to monitor and maintain equipment is presented

Four
1. Knowledge and understanding of research principles are demonstrated
* Research projects and clinical trials participated in
* Needs for research identified
* Protocol developed
* Research principles/skills for data acquisition applied
* Publications and presentations successfully completed

ULTRASOUND

1. The principles, concepts and application of protocols are understood and applied correctly
* Advanced technology is used for improved patient management

2. Images are evaluated on diagnostic and technical merits
* Imaging faults are identified and rectified
* Normal and abnormal patterns are identified and acted upon

3. Requirements of sonographic equipment are critically evaluated
* Merits and cost-effectiveness of various units are critically evaluated

Two
1. The knowledge and concepts of applicable protocols are understood within the constraints of existing legislative and safety guidelines
* Knowledge of developments in ultrasound techniques is demonstrated
* Liaison and co-operation between patients and all other stakeholders are effectively maintained
* Effective decisions regarding patient management are taken
* Effective decisions regarding the maintenance of quality service are taken
* Training and supervision of junior colleagues is demonstrated
* Accountability for decisions made, is responsibly taken within the context of the situation

2. Necessary procedures for a quality assurance programme are developed and evaluated
* Existing protocols are rigorously maintained
* A high standard of patient management is maintained
* Line management accountability is demonstrated within context

Three
1. An approved performance management system is implemented
* Performance management is monitored and remedied as applicable
* Knowledge and skills are enhanced through continuing development programme
* Regulations and guidelines applicable to the work environment are upheld and monitored
* Orientation programmes are implemented for newly appointed personnel.

2. Stock control is accounted for and monitored
* Statistics and records are accurately maintained
* All equipment is maintained and accounted for
* Financial statements and budgets are generated

3. A situational analysis is done and a strategic plan is compiled
* The strategic plan is administered and managed

4. Liaison between all stakeholders is maintained
* A good work ethos is maintained
* Cultural diversity is appreciated
* Conflict management is practised
* Time management is practised

Four
1. Problems are identified
* Appropriate data is analysed
* Cause and effect are analysed
* Appropriate solution/s are identified
* Implementation plan is presented

2. Terminology is understood
* Appropriateness of research is evaluated
* Research publication is analysed and critically interpreted
* Interpretations and implications thereof are effectively presented

3. Review and evaluate appropriate scientific literature

4. Develop a research proposal
* Problem statement is relevant
* Appropriate research methodology is applied
* Data and conclusions are correctly interpreted
* Data and conclusions are presented in a suitable manner for publication

Integrated assessment:
Continuous evaluation.

ARTICULATION OPTIONS

M Tech
M Degree at universities, offering Radiography

MODERATION OPTIONS

Internal and external moderation.

CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS

Level 8 in relevant learning area or equivalent.

NOTES

While South Africa still had Technikons, all of their qualifications were registered under the Committee of Technikon Principals. After the Technikons became Universities of Technology or merged with Universities, the qualifications were registered under each of these institutions, and the CTP qualifications fell away (hence the end date of 2006, above). Where relevant, replacement information is s
hown in the table above.

LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION:

When qualifications are replaced, some of their learning programmes are moved to being recorded against the replacement qualifications. If a learning programme appears to be missing from here, please check the replacement.

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PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION:

This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.

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