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SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY 
REGISTERED QUALIFICATION THAT HAS PASSED THE END DATE: 

Occupational Certificate: Man-made Fibre Production Machine Operator 
SAQA QUAL ID QUALIFICATION TITLE
101326  Occupational Certificate: Man-made Fibre Production Machine Operator 
ORIGINATOR
Development Quality Partner - FPMSETA (MAN) 
PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK
-   OQSF - Occupational Qualifications Sub-framework 
QUALIFICATION TYPE FIELD SUBFIELD
Occupational Certificate  Field 06 - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology  Manufacturing and Assembly 
ABET BAND MINIMUM CREDITS PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL NQF LEVEL QUAL CLASS
Undefined  360  Not Applicable  NQF Level 02  Regular-ELOAC 
REGISTRATION STATUS SAQA DECISION NUMBER REGISTRATION START DATE REGISTRATION END DATE
Passed the End Date -
Status was "Reregistered" 		 SAQA 06120/18  2018-07-01  2023-06-30 
LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT
2024-06-30   2027-06-30  

In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.  

This qualification does not replace any other qualification and is not replaced by any other qualification. 

PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION 
Purpose:
The purpose of this qualification is to prepare a learner to operate as a Man-made Fibre Production Machine Operator.

A Man-Made Fibre Machine Operator loads machines with raw material, threads, operates and monitors machinery and equipment to produce good quality filament at maximum efficiency.

A qualified learner will be able to:
  • Prepare and operate man-made fibre production machines for filament production.
  • Monitor and patrol a man-made fibre production processes.
  • Monitor and inspect filament during man-made fibre production processes.
  • Document all relevant aspects of man-made fibre production processes, i.e. production, non-conformance to specification and machine stoppage and record down-time causes and reactivation time.

    Rationale:
    In 2013, the Clothing, Textiles, Footwear and Leather (CTFL) industry accounted for about 14% of manufacturing employment and represented South Africa's second largest source of tax revenue. The industry facilitates an estimated 80 000 jobs and contributes around 8% to the GDP of the country.

    The domestic industry can be found mostly in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, with some activity taking place in Gauteng.

    Owing to technological developments that are closing the major product gaps, local textile production has evolved into a capital-intensive industry, producing synthetic fibres in ever-increasing proportions.

    In July 2007, Cabinet endorsed the first Industrial Policy Action Plan (IPAP) that detailed key action and timeframes for the implementation of the policy. The textile sector was selected for support due to its strategic importance for its contribution to employment and the desire to retain the core capabilities that had been developed in the industry.

    The Clothing and Textiles Competitiveness Program (CTCP) was introduced in 2009 and is subdivided into the Competitiveness Improvement Program (CIP) and Production Incentive Program (PIP). Both CIP and PIP make provision for skills development, aimed at addressing the persistent skills deficits and mismatches that continue to hamper individual and technological development. This qualification will support the above national strategies.

    Two distinct target groups have been identified. Firstly, new entrants into the industry who have a school qualification or adults with limited basic schooling, and existing employees/operators who have been operating in the industry for a number of years without receiving appropriate recognition for the competencies acquired in the workplace and who are operating without the necessary underpinning knowledge.

    The Textile industry is in a growth phase due to the ongoing support by government with new employment opportunities being created in specialised textiles. The replacement of an ageing workforce approaching retirement will create employment opportunities. The qualification is very well suited to promote employment in capital intensive sub-sectors in the Textile industry in general.

    The qualification will contribute in improved productivity, efficiency and quality, increase labour stability, reduction in accidents, and the extended life of the production machinery and equipment.

    Qualifying against the new curriculum standard due to its multi-skilling nature and structure of learning will increase job security and improve employability in this occupation as well as in related operational activities. In addition, the qualification will also assist towards qualifying for career advancement, particularly into a supervisory or artisanal role. 
    		•

    LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING 
    Recognition of Prior Learning:
    RPL for access to the External Integrated Summative Assessment: Accredited providers and approved workplaces must apply the internal assessment criteria specified in the related curriculum document to establish and confirm prior learning. Accredited providers and workplaces must confirm prior learning by issuing a statement of result or certifying a work experience record.

    RPL for access to the qualification: Accredited providers and approved workplaces may recognise prior learning against the relevant access requirements.

    Entry Requirements:
  • NQF Level 1 with communication.
    Or
  • 3 years of workplace experience in a Man-Made Fibre Extrusion or Texturing Department. 
    		•

    RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING? 
    Y 

    QUALIFICATION RULES 
    This qualification is made up of the following compulsory Knowledge and Practical Skill Modules:

    Knowledge Modules:
  • 715103000-KM-01, Man-made Fibre Extrusion Process Technology, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-02, Textile Production and Manufacturing Concepts, Level 2, 8 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-03, Applied Numerical Literacy in the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-04, Applied English Literacy for the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-05, Man-Made Fibre Texturing Process Technology, Level 2, 4 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-06, Textile Production and Manufacturing Concepts, Level 2, 8 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-07, Applied Numerical Literacy in the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-08, Applied English Literacy for the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Knowledge Modules: 80.

    Practical Skill Modules:
  • 715103000-PM-01, Prepare and operate extrusion machines for filament production, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-02, Monitor and patrol extrusion processes to ensure production capacity optimisation and minimisation of unaccountable downtime, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-03, Monitor extruded filament quality to reduce product non-conformance and waste, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-04, Document all relevant aspects of an extrusion process, Level 2, 7 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-05, Prepare and operate texturing machines for the production of textured yarn packages, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-06, Monitor and patrol texturing processes to ensure production capacity optimisation and minimisation of unaccountable downtime, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-07, Monitor and inspect textured yarn quality to reduce product non-conformance and waste, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-08, Document all relevant aspects of a texturing process, Level 2, 7 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Practical Skill Modules: 150.

    This qualification also requires the following Work Experience Modules:
  • 715103000-WM-01, Man-made fibre extrusion operations, Level 2, 26 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-02, Man-made filament extrusion process continuity, Level 2, 21 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-03, Extruded man-made fibres product quality, Level 2, 15 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-04, Man-made fibre extrusion production recording and reporting processes, Level 2, 3 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-05, Man-made yarn texturing preparation operations, Level 2, 26 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-06, Man-made filament texturing process continuity, Level 2, 21 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-07, Texturised man-made yarn quality, Level 2, 15 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-08, Man-made fibre texturing recording and reporting processes, Level 2, 3 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Work Experience Modules: 130. 
    		•

    EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES 
    1. Prepare a man-made fibre extrusion machine for production, as per product specification.
    2. Start a fibre extrusion machine adhering to accepted procedures.
    3. Maximise fibre extrusion production ensuring continuity of the process to achieve optimum machine utilisation.
    4. Monitor fibre extrusion processes applying patrolling and inspection techniques.
    5. Inspect and monitor extruded filament for conformance during an extrusion process in order to minimise the extent of the non-conformance.
    6. Prepare a man-made yarn texturising machine for production, as per product specification.
    7. Start a yarn texturising machine adhering to accepted procedures.
    8. Maximise yarn texturising production ensuring continuity of texturising processes to achieve maximum machine utilisation.
    9. Monitor yarn texturising processes applying patrolling and inspection techniques.
    10. Monitor and inspect texturised yarn for conformance during a process in order to minimise extent of non-conformance.
    11. Calculate and achieve production targets. 

    ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 
    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 1:
  • Raw material used in fibre extrusion processes, such as polymer chips, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PES) and pigments is identified according to the filament specifications.
  • Procedures to assemble and load extrusion machines with raw material is explained and accurately applied.
  • Procedures for threading yarn to take-up packages are described and applied adhering to machine specifications.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 2:
  • All health and safety rules and requirements are complied with when operating an extrusion machine and to the working environment of the machine.
  • All required pre-start-up checks for extrusion machines are applied.
  • Thread lines are checked for correctness in line with specifications prior to machine start-up.
  • The correct starting sequence specific to an extrusion machine is applied.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 3:
  • Extrusion processes are patrolled at optimum frequency in order to reduce non-conformance and optimise production output and reduce machine downtime.
  • Extrusion machines and processes are observed and patrolled using the micro-processor screen details and verifying all process parameters are within specified tolerances.
  • Re-occurring machine process faults are identified and reported.
  • Availability of sufficient raw material for a full production run for continuous production is ensured.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 4:
  • Methods to ensure that all positions are in use and producing filament that is in line with specified requirements and product quality requirements are explained and applied.
  • Machine stopping procedures are conducted in the event of non-conformance or at completion of the production run by performing the production run completion sequence.
  • Yarn paths are continuously checked for conformance.
  • Extrusion machines are continuously checked to ensure it is free from contamination such as foreign fibre, etc.
  • Yarn contact points are checked for cleanliness and abrasive surfaces.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 5:
  • Extruded products are inspected and compared against specified requirements with the objective to identify and rectify non-conformance.
  • The methods employed to monitor extruded filament to minimise the quantity of non-conformance are explained and applied.
  • Methods to segregate and identify non-conforming extruded filament from first grade product to prevent non-conforming product being processed as first grade product are explained.
  • Monitoring frequencies required in order to minimise non-conforming product are calculated.
  • Methods of observation during monitoring and patrolling processes are described and applied.
  • Extrusion processes and product non-conformance are recorded in order to effect accurate production and product non-conformance statistics and data compilation.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 6:
  • Raw material used in the yarn texturising process as specified in a product specification is identified.
  • Procedures to assemble and load texturing machines with raw material are explained and accurately applied.
  • Procedures for threading yarn to the take-up package are described and applied adhering to machine specifications.
  • Texturing machine process settings are checked for correctness according to product specifications.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 7:
  • All health and safety rules and requirements are complied with when operating texturising machines and to the working environment of texturising machines.
  • All required pre-start-up checks for texturising machines are applied.
  • Thread lines are checked for correctness in line with the specifications prior to machine start-up.
  • The correct starting sequence specific to texturising machines are applied.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 8:
  • Yarn texturising processes are patrolled at optimum frequency in order to reduce non-conformance and optimise production output and reduce machine downtime.
  • Yarn texturising machine and processes are observed and patrolled using micro-processor screen details and verifying all process parameters are within specified tolerances.
  • Re-occurring texturising machine process faults are identified and reported.
  • Availability of sufficient raw material for the full production run for continuous production is ensured.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 9:
  • Methods to ensure that all positions are in use and producing texturised filament that is in line with specified requirements and product quality requirements are explained and applied.
  • Machine stopping procedures are conducted in the event of non-conformance or at completion of a production run by performing a production run completion sequence.
  • The yarn path is continuously checked for conformance.
  • Texturising machines are continuously checked to ensure they are free from contamination such as foreign fibre, etc.
  • Yarn contact points are checked for cleanliness and abrasive surfaces.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 10:
  • Texturised products are inspected and compared against specified requirements with the objective to identify and rectify any non-conformances.
  • Methods employed to monitor textured filament to minimise quantity of non-conformance are explained and applied.
  • Methods to segregate and identify non-conforming textured filament from first grade product to prevent non-conforming products being processed as first grade products are explained.
  • The frequency of monitoring required in order to minimise non-conforming product is calculated.
  • Methods of observation during monitoring and patrolling processes are described and applied.
  • All process and product non-conformances are recorded in order to effect accurate production and product non-conformance statistics and data compilation.

    Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 11:
  • The importance of achieving production targets is explained.
  • Methods of production target monitoring are explained and applied.
  • Production calculations are explained and accurately performed.

    Integrated Assessment:
    Integrated Formative Assessment:
    The skills development provider will use the curriculum to guide them on the stipulated internal assessment criteria and weighting. They will also apply the scope of practical skills and applied knowledge as stipulated by the internal assessment criteria. This formative assessment leads to entrance into the integrated external summative assessment.

    Integrated Summative Assessment:
    An external integrated summative assessment, conducted through the relevant Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO) Assessment Quality Partner is required for the issuing of this qualification. The External Integrated Summative Assessment will focus on the Exit Level Outcomes and Associated Assessment Criteria. 
    		•

    INTERNATIONAL COMPARABILITY 
    The Occupational Certificate: Man-Made Fibre Production Machine Operator has been compared with National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector in India and applicable units from the Certificate II in Textile Production (Intermediate) (LMT20107) of the Australian Government and Industry Skills Council.

    India: National occupational standards in the Textile Sector:
    The Indian National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector focus on a range of jobs within yarn production covering key processes such as spinning, winding and twisting and where the responsibility vary according to the specific machine used in spinning and post-spinning so as to minimise machine stoppages and to achieve maximum production. The following Indian National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector have been identified for comparison with the South African Qualification:
  • TSC/Q0201: Ring Frame Tenter.
  • TSC/Q0202: Ring Frame Doffer.
  • TSC/Q0203: Open-End Spinning Tenter.

    The content of the three (3) National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector from India cover compulsory occupational aspects such as shift hand-over, operating machinery, machine cleaning and maintenance, piecing of broken yarn, doffing activities, working in a team, health and safety in the workplace, compliance with standard operating procedures, conformity to production and quality standards, completion of admin/reporting records, communication with supervisors and so forth. The National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector are structured to reflect the occupational requirements for specific operations in spinning separately and have components referring to knowledge and understanding, as well as workplace requirements and organisational context. However, there is no reference to the practical skills that the learner will acquire. The inclusion of aspects related to numeracy, literacy and basic production concepts in a textile manufacturing environment is lacking.

    Credits and duration have not been determined and no comparison could be performed. The National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector are at NSQF Level 4.

    Performance criteria, which will serve the purpose of assessment for different man-made fibre production machines have been developed consisting of performance criteria with assigned marks proportional to its importance.

    Units from the Certificate II in Textile Production (Intermediate) (LMT20107) covers various generic aspects related to occupational safety, general working practices such as teamwork, computer operation, productivity, sustaining process improvements and competitiveness. It also includes aspects related to generic machine operation such as machine safety, materials handling, product quality, minor machine maintenance, changeover activities, raw material identification and description, fault finding and access and use of textile production information. The units specifically relating to man-made fibre production operations are:
  • LMTTX2003B: Perform spinning operations.

    Entry requirements are not specified in the Australian Qualification. Therefore it is unclear whether the prerequisites would in fact refer to entry level requirements or other prerequisites.

    No credits or weighting of skills and knowledge are specified in the Australian units, neither is the duration. Therefore no comparison could be made.

    The Australian qualification is set at Level 2 on the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), whereas the South African qualification is set at Level 2 on the South African National Qualifications Framework.

    The Australian qualification specifies assessment in the Evidence Guide. In addition the document mentions that assessment may occur "on the job or in an appropriately simulated environment" and it may be "assessed independently or in combination with other relevant units".

    Conclusion:
    The content of these qualifications regarding the skills and knowledge needed by an operator of man-made fibre extrusion and texturising machines are similar and covers spinning contexts and processes. It can be concluded that these qualifications compares favourably and that the South African qualification is on par with the National Occupational Standards for the Textile Sector as well as the Certificate II in Textile Production (Intermediate) (LMT20107). 
    		•

    ARTICULATION OPTIONS 
    This qualification articulates horizontally with:
  • SAQA ID: 67418; National Certificate: N2 Spinning Machine Mechanician; Level 02; 40 Credits.
  • SAQA ID: 50228; National Certificate: Wool and Mohair Handling; Level 02 121 Credits.

    This qualification articulates vertically with:
  • SAQA ID: 67550; National Certificate: N3 Spinning Mechanician: Long Staple - Worsted; Level 03; 40 Credits.
  • SAQA ID: 67549; National Certificate: N3 Spinning Mechanician: Short Staple - Cotton; Level 03: 40 Credits.
  • SAQA ID: 67552; National Certificate: N3 Spinning Mechanician: Semi-Worsted; Level 03; 40 Credits.

    This qualification articulates horizontally with qualifications currently in the registration process:
  • Occupational Certificate: Fibre Preparation Production Machine Operator.
  • Occupational Certificate: Yarn Production Machine Operator. 
    		•

    MODERATION OPTIONS 
    N/A 

    CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS 
    N/A 

    NOTES 
    Qualifying for external assessment:
  • In order to qualify for an external assessment, learners must provide proof of completion of all required modules by means of statements of results and work experience.

    Additional legal or physical entry requirements:
  • None.

    Criteria for the accreditation of providers
  • Accreditation of providers will be done against the criteria as reflected in the relevant curriculum on the QCTO website.
  • The curriculum title and code is: 715103000: Man-made Fibre Production Machine Operator

    This qualification encompasses the following trades as recorded on the NLRD:
  • This is not a trade qualification.

    Part Qualifications:
    Part Qualification 1:
    Title:
    Man-made Fibre Extrusion Machine Operator, Level 2, 180 Credits.

    Purpose:
    A Man-made Fibre Extrusion Machine Operator loads the machine with raw material, threads, operates and monitors the machine and equipment to produce good quality filament at maximum efficiency.

    Applicable Modules (Rules of Combination):
    Knowledge Modules:
  • 715103000-KM-01, Man-made Fibre Extrusion Process Technology, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-02, Textile Production and Manufacturing Concepts, Level 2, 8 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-03, Applied Numerical Literacy in the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-04, Applied English Literacy for the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Knowledge Modules: 40.

    Practical Skill Modules:
  • 715103000-PM-01, Prepare and operate extrusion machines for filament production, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-02, Monitor and patrol extrusion processes to ensure production capacity optimisation and minimisation of unaccountable downtime, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-03, Monitor extruded filament quality to reduce product non-conformance and waste, NQF Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-04, Document all relevant aspects of an extrusion process, Level 2, 7 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Practical Skill Modules: 75.

    This qualification also requires the following Work Experience Modules:
  • 715103000-WM-01, Man-made fibre extrusion operations, NQF Level 2, Credits 26
  • 715103000-WM-02, Man-made filament extrusion process continuity, NQF Level 2, Credits 21
  • 715103000-WM-03, Extruded man-made fibres product quality, NQF Level 2, Credits 15
  • 715103000-WM-04, Man-made fibre extrusion production recording and reporting processes, NQF Level 3, Credits 3
    Total number of credits for Work Experience Modules: 65.

    Assessment Qualification Standards:
  • Prepare a man-made fibre extrusion machine for production, as per product specification.
  • Start a fibre extrusion machine adhering to accepted procedures.
  • Maximise fibre extrusion production ensuring continuity of the process to achieve optimum machine utilisation.
  • Monitor fibre extrusion processes applying patrolling and inspection techniques.
  • Inspect and monitor extruded filament for conformance during an extrusion process in order to minimise the extent of the non-conformance.
  • Calculate and achieve production targets.

    Part Qualification 2:
    Title:
    Man-made Fibre Texturing Production Machine Operator, Level 2, 180 Credits.

    Purpose:
    A Man-made Fibre Texturing Production Machine Operator loads the texturing machine with raw material, threads, operates and monitors the machinery and equipment at maximum efficiency to produce good quality manmade texturised yarns

    Applicable Modules (Rules of Combination):
    Knowledge Modules:
  • 715103000-KM-05, Man-Made Fibre Texturing Process Technology, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-06, Textile Production and Manufacturing Concepts, Level 2, 8 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-07, Applied Numerical Literacy in the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
  • 715103000-KM-08, Applied English Literacy for the Textile Industry, Level 2, 4 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Knowledge Modules: 40.

    Practical Skill Modules:
  • 715103000-PM-05, Prepare and operate texturing machines for the production of textured yarn packages, Level 2, 24 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-06, Monitor and patrol texturing processes to ensure production capacity optimisation and minimisation of unaccountable downtime, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-07, Monitor and inspect textured yarn quality to reduce product non-conformance and waste, Level 2, 22 Credits.
  • 715103000-PM-08, Document all relevant aspects of a texturing process, Level 2, 7 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Practical Skill Modules: 75.

    This qualification also requires the following Work Experience Modules:
  • 715103000-WM-05, Man-made yarn texturing preparation operations, NQF Level 2, 26 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-06, Man-made filament texturing process continuity, NQF Level 2, 21 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-07, Texturised man-made yarn quality, NQF Level 2, 15 Credits.
  • 715103000-WM-08, Man-made fibre texturing recording and reporting processes, Level 2, 3 Credits.
    Total number of credits for Work Experience Modules: 65.

    Assessment Qualification Standards:
  • Prepare a man-made yarn texturising machine for production, as per product specification.
  • Start a yarn texturising machine adhering to accepted procedures.
  • Maximise yarn texturising production ensuring continuity of texturising processes to achieve maximum machine utilisation.
  • Monitor yarn texturising processes applying patrolling and inspection techniques.
  • Monitor and inspect texturised yarn for conformance during a process in order to minimise extent of non-conformance.
  • Calculate and achieve production targets. 
    		•

    LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION: 
     
    NONE 


    PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION: 
    This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here.
     
    NONE 


    All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.